@article {10830,
	title = {Pathological Significance and Prognostic Value of Surfactant Protein D in Cancer.},
	journal = {Front Immunol},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018},
	pages = {1748},
	abstract = {<p>Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a pattern recognition molecule belonging to the Collectin (collagen-containing C-type lectin) family that has pulmonary as well as extra-pulmonary existence. In the lungs, it is a well-established opsonin that can agglutinate a range of microbes, and enhance their clearance  phagocytosis and super-oxidative burst. It can interfere with allergen-IgE interaction and suppress basophil and mast cell activation. However, it is now becoming evident that SP-D is likely to be an innate immune surveillance molecule against tumor development. SP-D has been shown to induce apoptosis in sensitized eosinophils derived from allergic patients and a leukemic cell line  p53 pathway. Recently, SP-D has been shown to suppress lung cancer progression  interference with the epidermal growth factor signaling. In addition, a truncated form of recombinant human SP-D has been reported to induce apoptosis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma  Fas-mediated pathway in a p53-independent manner. To further establish a correlation between SP-D presence/levels and normal and cancer tissues, we performed a bioinformatics analysis, using Oncomine dataset and the survival analysis platforms Kaplan-Meier plotter, to assess if SP-D can serve as a potential prognostic marker for human lung cancer, in addition to human gastric, breast, and ovarian cancers. We also analyzed immunohistochemically the presence of SP-D in normal and tumor human tissues. We conclude that (1) in the lung, gastric, and breast cancers, there is a lower expression of SP-D than normal tissues; (2) in ovarian cancer, there is a higher expression of SP-D than normal tissue; and (3) in lung cancer, the presence of SP-D could be associated with a favorable prognosis. On the contrary, at non-pulmonary sites such as gastric, breast, and ovarian cancers, the presence of SP-D could be associated with unfavorable prognosis. Correlation between the levels of SP-D and overall survival requires further investigation. Our analysis involves a large number of dataset; therefore, any trend observed is reliable. Despite apparent complexity within the results, it is evident that cancer tissues that produce less levels of SP-D compared to their normal tissue counterparts are probably less susceptible to SP-D-mediated immune surveillance mechanisms  infiltrating immune cells.</p>},
	issn = {1664-3224},
	doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2018.01748},
	author = {Mangogna, Alessandro and Belmonte, Beatrice and Agostinis, Chiara and Ricci, Giuseppe and Gulino, Alessandro and Ferrara, Ines and Zanconati, Fabrizio and Tripodo, Claudio and Romano, Federico and Kishore, Uday and Bulla, Roberta}
}
