@article {7786,
	title = {Intranasal adminsitration of oxytocin in postnatal depression: implications for psychodynamic psychotherapy from a randomized double-blind pilot study.},
	journal = {Front Psychol},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015},
	pages = {426},
	abstract = {<p>Oxytocin is a neuropeptide that is active in the central nervous system and is generally considered to be involved in prosocial behaviors and feelings. In light of its documented positive effect on maternal behavior, we designed a study to ascertain whether oxytocin exerts any therapeutic effects on depressive symptoms in women affected by maternal postnatal depression. A group of 16 mothers were recruited in a randomized double-blind study: the women agreed to take part in a brief course of psychoanalytic psychotherapy (12 sessions, once a week) while also being administered, during the 12-weeks period, a daily dose of intranasal oxytocin (or a placebo). The pre-treatment evaluation also included a personality assessment of the major primary-process emotional command systems described by Panksepp () and a semi-quantitative assessment by the therapist of the mother{\textquoteright}s depressive symptoms and of her personality. No significant effect on depressive symptomatology was found following the administration of oxytocin (as compared to a placebo) during the period of psychotherapy. Nevertheless, a personality trait evaluation of the mothers, conducted in our overall sample group, showed a decrease in the narcissistic trait only within the group who took oxytocin. The depressive (dysphoric) trait was in fact significantly affected by psychotherapy (this effect was only present in the placebo group so it may reflect a positive placebo effect enhancing the favorable influence of psychotherapy on depressive symptoms) but not in the presence of oxytocin. Therefore, the neuropeptide would appear to play some role in the modulation of cerebral functions involved in the self-centered (narcissistic) dimension of the suffering that can occur with postnatal depression. Based on these results, there was support for our hypothesis that what is generally defined as postnatal depression may include disturbances of narcissistic affective balance, and oxytocin supplementation can counteract that type of affective disturbance. The resulting improvements in well-being, reflected in better self-centering in post-partuent mothers, may in turn facilitate better interpersonal acceptance of (and interactions with) the child and thereby, improved recognition of the child{\textquoteright}s needs.</p>},
	issn = {1664-1078},
	doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00426},
	author = {Clarici, Andrea and Pellizzoni, Sandra and Guaschino, Secondo and Alberico, Salvatore and Bembich, Stefano and Giuliani, Rosella and Short, Antonia and Guarino, Giuseppina and Panksepp, Jaak}
}
@article {3591,
	title = {The implications of diagnosis of small for gestational age fetuses using European and South Asian growth charts: an outcome-based comparative study.},
	journal = {ScientificWorldJournal},
	volume = {2014},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {474809},
	abstract = {<p>The antenatal condition of small for gestational age (SGA) is significantly associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality and it is known that there are significant differences in birth weight and fetal size among different populations. The aim of our study was to assess the impact on outcomes of the diagnosis of SGA according to Bangladeshi and European antenatal growth charts in Sri Lankan population. The estimated fetal weight before delivery was retrospectively reviewed according to Bangladeshi and European growth references. Three groups were identified: Group 1-SGA according to Bangladeshi growth chart; Group 2-SGA according to European growth chart but not having SGA according to Bangladeshi growth chart; Group 3-No SGA according to both charts. There was a difference in prevalence of SGA between Bangladeshi and European growth charts: 12.7\% and 51.7\%, respectively. There were statistically significant higher rates in emergency cesarean section, fetal distress in labour, and intrauterine death (P < 0.001) in Group 1 compared with Group, 2 and 3. No differences of outcomes occurred between Groups 2 and 3. Our study demonstrated that only cases diagnosed as SGA according to population-based growth charts are at risk of adverse outcome. The use of inappropriate prenatal growth charts might lead to misdiagnosis and potential unnecessary interventions.</p>},
	keywords = {Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Bangladesh, Birth Weight, Europe, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Fetal Growth Retardation, Growth Charts, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Small for Gestational Age, Pregnancy, Prognosis, Sri Lanka},
	issn = {1537-744X},
	doi = {10.1155/2014/474809},
	author = {Maso, Gianpaolo and Jayawardane, Mathota A M M and Alberico, Salvatore and Piccoli, Monica and Senanayake, Hemantha M}
}
