@article {10780, title = {First urinary tract infections in children: the role of the risk factors proposed by the Italian recommendations.}, journal = {Acta Paediatr}, volume = {108}, year = {2019}, month = {2019 Mar}, pages = {544-550}, abstract = {

AIM: In 2009, the Italian society for paediatric nephrology suggested the need for cystography, following a first febrile urinary tract infection (UTI), only in children at high risk for dilating vesicoureteral reflux or in the event of a second infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of the risk factors proposed by the Italian guidelines.

METHODS: Children aged 2-36~months, managed by 10 Italian hospitals between 2009 and 2013, with a first febrile UTI were retrospectively evaluated.

RESULTS: Four hundred and fourteen children were included: 51\% female, mean age eight months. Escherichia coli was responsible of 84\% UTIs. 269 children (65\%) presented at least one risk factor, thus were further investigated: 44\% had a reflux. The presence of a pathogen other than E.~coli significantly predicted high-grade reflux, both in the univariate (Odd Ratio 2.52, 95\% Confidence Interval 1.32-4.81, p~<~0.005) and multivariate analysis (OR 2.74, 95\% CI: 1.39-5.41, p: 0.003). 26/145 children (18\%) with no risk factors experienced a second UTI, which prompted the execution of cystography, showing a dilating reflux in 11.

CONCLUSION: Among the risk factors proposed by the Italian guidelines, only the presence of a pathogen other than E.~coli significantly predicted reflux. Cystography can be postponed in children with no risk factors.

}, issn = {1651-2227}, doi = {10.1111/apa.14506}, author = {Alberici, I and La Manna, A and Pennesi, M and Starc, M and Scozzola, F and Nicolini, G and Toffolo, A and Marra, G and Chimenz, R and Sica, F and Maringhini, S and Monasta, L and Montini, G} } @article {3522, title = {HLA-B35, a common genetic trait, in a familial case of Henoch-Schoenlein purpura and Berger{\textquoteright}s disease.}, journal = {Genet Mol Res}, volume = {13}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, pages = {2669-73}, abstract = {

Nephritis characterized by IgA mesangial depositions has been described both in Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (HSP) and in Berger{\textquoteright}s disease (BD), but common genetic traits are still uncertain. We report here the case of two brothers, the first affected by HSP with persistent nephritis and the second by BD, accidentally discovered as silent microhematuria 1 year after HSP onset in the first brother. HLA genotyping demonstrated the presence of HLA-B35 in both patients. Our findings reinforce the need to screen for urinary abnormalities in family members of patients affected by HSP nephritis to identify a silent IgA nephropathy.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Female, Genotype, Glomerulonephritis, IGA, HLA-B35 Antigen, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nephritis, Phenotype, Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch}, issn = {1676-5680}, doi = {10.4238/2014.April.8.9}, author = {Pellegrin, M C and Matarazzo, L and Neri, E and Pennesi, M and Crovella, S} }