@article {7759,
	title = {Serum anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies detected during febrile illness may not be produced by the intestinal mucosa.},
	journal = {J Pediatr},
	volume = {166},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Mar},
	pages = {761-3},
	abstract = {<p>Anti-transglutaminase antibodies are the diagnostic marker of celiac disease, and are considered to be synthesized only by intestinal B-lymphocytes. During an infectious disease, these antibodies are transiently detected in serum. We show that these infection-triggered antibodies may not originate in the intestinal mucosa and are not an indication of celiac disease.</p>},
	keywords = {Autoantibodies, Celiac Disease, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, GTP-Binding Proteins, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Male, Transglutaminases},
	issn = {1097-6833},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.005},
	author = {De Leo, Luigina and Quaglia, Sara and Ziberna, Fabiana and Vatta, Serena and Martelossi, Stefano and Maschio, Massimo and Not, Tarcisio}
}
@article {3498,
	title = {Severe inflammatory bowel disease associated with congenital alteration of transforming growth factor beta signaling.},
	journal = {J Crohns Colitis},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Aug},
	pages = {770-4},
	abstract = {<p>Transforming growth factor beta is a pleiotropic cytokine which plays a central role in the homeostasis of the immune system. A complex dysregulation of its signaling occurs in Loeys-Dietz syndrome, a monogenic disorder caused by mutations of transforming growth factor beta receptors type 1 or type 2, characterized by skeletal involvement, craniofacial abnormalities, and arterial tortuosity with a strong predisposition for aneurysm and dissection. In addition, several immunologic abnormalities have been described in these patients, including an increased risk of allergic disorders as well as eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders. The occurrence of inflammatory bowel disorders has been also reported, but it is poorly documented. We describe two unrelated children with Loeys-Dietz syndrome affected by severe chronic inflammatory colitis appearing at an early age. The intestinal disease presented similar features in both patients, including a histopathological picture of non-eosinophilic chronic ulcerative colitis, striking elevation of inflammatory markers, and a distinctly severe clinical course leading to failure to thrive, with resistance to multiple immunosuppressive treatments. One of the patients also presented autoimmune thyroiditis. Our report confirms that chronic ulcerative colitis may be associated with Loeys-Dietz syndrome. This finding suggests that an alteration of transforming growth factor beta signaling may by itself predispose to inflammatory colitis in humans, and represent an invaluable model to understand inflammatory bowel diseases.</p>},
	keywords = {Child, Preschool, Colon, Colonoscopy, Female, Humans, Infant, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Loeys-Dietz Syndrome, Male, Signal Transduction, Transforming Growth Factor beta},
	issn = {1876-4479},
	doi = {10.1016/j.crohns.2014.01.013},
	author = {Naviglio, Samuele and Arrigo, Serena and Martelossi, Stefano and Villanacci, Vincenzo and Tommasini, Alberto and Loganes, Claudia and Fabretto, Antonella and Vignola, Silvia and Lonardi, Silvia and Ventura, Alessandro}
}
