@article {8314,
	title = {HPV genotypes distribution in Chlamydia trachomatis co-infection in a large cohort of women from north-east Italy.},
	journal = {J Med Microbiol},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 May},
	pages = {406-13},
	abstract = {<p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Chlamydia trachomatis are pathogens with oncogenic potential associated with persistent infections. Epidemiological data on C. trachomatis infection status, C. trachomatis/HPV co-infection and the relationship between HPV genotypes in Italian women are only preliminary. The aim of the present study was to characterize the relationship between HPV genotypes and C. trachomatis in an extending cohort of asymptomatic immunocompetent women from an area of north-east Italy. A retrospective study was conducted using Luminex technology on cervical swabs from asymptomatic immunocompetent women, comprising 921 attending the prevention centre for the Cervical Cancer Program and 6214 who had been referred to the Sexually Transmitted Infections Center, with clinical indications of HPV and C. trachomatis infections. A quantitative real-time PCR was performed to assess chronic C. trachomatis infection by heat-shock protein 60 (Hsp60) gene expression. The overall prevalence of the investigated pathogens was 39 \% (359/921) for HPV and 4 \% (251/6214) for C. trachomatis. The Hsp60 gene was detected in 57 \% of the women infected with C. trachomatis. HPV co-infection was present in 58 \% of C. trachomatis-infected women. A high prevalence of co-infection was found in women with chronic C. trachomatis infection (68 \%, P = 0.0002), especially in women <= 25 years (72 \%) where HPV multiple infections were found in 78 \% (P = 0.022). HPV genotype distribution showed that uncommon low-risk genotypes were associated with C. trachomatis. These results indicate a high frequency of co-detection of multiple HPV genotypes in chronically infected young women and suggest that the expression of the C. trachomatis Hsp60 gene may favour HPV infection.</p>},
	issn = {1473-5644},
	doi = {10.1099/jmm.0.000245},
	author = {Seraceni, Silva and Campisciano, Giuseppina and Contini, Carlo and Comar, Manola}
}
@article {3587,
	title = {HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis co-detection in young asymptomatic women from high incidence area for cervical cancer.},
	journal = {J Med Virol},
	volume = {86},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Nov},
	pages = {1920-5},
	abstract = {<p>Chlamydia trachomatis causing chronic inflammatory diseases has investigated as possible human papillomavirus (HPV) cofactor in cervical cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and HPV co-infection in different cohorts of asymptomatic women from a Northern Italy area at high incidence for cervical cancer. Cervical samples from 441 females were collected from Cervical Cancer Screening Program, Sexually Transmitted Infectious and Assisted Reproductive Technology centres. HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis were detected simultaneously and genotyped using a highly sensitive bead based assay. The overall prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis was estimated 9.7\%, in contrast with the reported national data of 2.3\%, and co-infection with HPV was diagnosed in the 17\% of the samples. In females <= 25 years of age, the infection reached a peak of 22\% and co-infection with HPV of 45.8\% (P < 0.001). Of note, in young females diagnosed with low grade cervical lesions, no significant difference between Chlamydia trachomatis and HPV distribution was observed, while differently, HPV co-infection was found significantly associated to the presence of intraepithelial lesions when compared to older females (20\% vs. 1\%; P < 0.001). In this study, the use of a high sensitive molecular technique exhibited higher analytical sensitivity than the referred assays for the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and HPV co-infection in asymptomatic females, leading to reduction of the potential to identify incorrectly the infection status. An active screening for timely treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infection is suggested in young females to evaluate a possible decrease in incidence of pre-cancer intraepithelial lesions.</p>},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Cervix Uteri, Chlamydia Infections, Chlamydia trachomatis, Coinfection, Female, Genotype, Humans, Incidence, Italy, Middle Aged, Papillomaviridae, Papillomavirus Infections, Prevalence, Young Adult},
	issn = {1096-9071},
	doi = {10.1002/jmv.24041},
	author = {Bellaminutti, Serena and Seraceni, Silva and De Seta, Francesco and Gheit, Tarik and Tommasino, Massimo and Comar, Manola}
}
