@article {7695,
	title = {Pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease exhibit increased serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, but decreased circulating levels of macrophage inhibitory protein-1β, interleukin-2 and interleukin-17.},
	journal = {Exp Ther Med},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Jun},
	pages = {2047-2052},
	abstract = {<p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and progressive inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the causative events that lead to the onset of IBD are yet to be fully elucidated, deregulation of immune and inflammatory mechanisms are hypothesized to significantly contribute to this disorder. Since the onset of IBD is often during infancy, in the present study, the serum values of a large panel of cytokines and chemokines in pediatric patients (<18 years; n=26) were compared with age-matched controls (n=37). While elevations in the serum level of several proinflammatory and immune regulating cytokines were confirmed, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-5, IL-7, interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible protein-10, IL-16, cutaneous T-cell-attracting chemokine, leukemia inhibitory factor, monokine induced by γ-IFN, IFN-α2 and IFN-γ, notably decreased levels of IL-2, IL-17 and macrophage inhibitory protein-1β were also observed. Therefore, while a number of proinflammatory cytokines exhibit increased levels in IBD patients, pediatric IBD patients may also exhibit certain aspects of a reduced immunological response.</p>},
	issn = {1792-0981},
	doi = {10.3892/etm.2015.2370},
	author = {Kleiner, Giulio and Zanin, Valentina and Monasta, Lorenzo and Crovella, Sergio and Caruso, Lorenzo and Milani, Daniela and Marcuzzi, Annalisa}
}
@article {1963,
	title = {Polymorphisms in DC-SIGN and L-SIGN genes are associated with HIV-1 vertical transmission in a Northeastern Brazilian population.},
	journal = {Hum Immunol},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012 Nov},
	pages = {1159-65},
	abstract = {<p>DC-SIGN and L-SIGN are receptors expressed on specialized macrophages in decidua, (Hofbauer and placental capillary endothelial cells), known to interact with several pathogens, including HIV-1. To disclose the possible involvement of these molecules in the susceptibility to HIV vertical transmission, we analyzed DC-SIGN and L-SIGN gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 192 HIV-1 positive children and 58 HIV-1 negative children all born to HIV-1 positive mothers, as well as 96 healthy uninfected children not exposed to HIV-1, all from Northeast Brazil. The frequency of three SNPs in the DC-SIGN promoter (-139G>A, -201G>T and -336A>G) were significantly different when comparing HIV positive children with HIV-1 exposed uninfected children, indicating an association with susceptibility to HIV-1 vertical transmission. This genetic association suggests that DC-SIGN molecule may play a role in susceptibility to HIV-1 infection through vertical transmission.</p>},
	keywords = {Alleles, Brazil, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Child, Child, Preschool, Exons, Female, Gene Frequency, Genotype, HIV Infections, HIV-1, Humans, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Lectins, C-Type, Male, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Receptors, Cell Surface, Tandem Repeat Sequences},
	issn = {1879-1166},
	doi = {10.1016/j.humimm.2012.07.338},
	author = {da Silva, Ronaldo Celerino and Segat, Ludovica and Zanin, Valentina and Arraes, Luiz Claudio and Crovella, Sergio}
}
