@article {10562,
	title = {Alendronate treatment induces IL-1B expression and apoptosis in glioblastoma cell line.},
	journal = {Inflammopharmacology},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 Feb},
	pages = {285-290},
	abstract = {<p>Alendronate (ALD), one among the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs), is currently used for the treatment of many pathological conditions. Unfortunately, although generally tolerated, NBPs treatment has been associated with central nervous system (CNS) adverse outcomes, such as amnesia, hallucinations and visual disturbances. So, we analyzed the effect of ALD treatment in glial cells, the main sources of cholesterol for neurons and principal cells involved in the immunological defense of the brain. We treated a glial cell line (U87-MG) with increasing doses of ALD (0.1, 1, 10, 25, 50~μM) for 48~h, aimed at evaluating the influence of this drug treatment on IL-1B expression, NLRP3 and CASP1 expression, mitochondrial activity and apoptotic cell death. We observed that ALD treatment, at the higher concentrations, induced a significant increase of IL-1B, NLRP3, CASP1 expression, provoked apoptosis and also mitochondrial damage in U87-MG. Considering the reported CNS adverse outcomes of NBPs treatment, our results confirm ALD side-effects on glial cell model.</p>},
	keywords = {Alendronate, Apoptosis, Brain, Cell Line, Tumor, Diphosphonates, Glioblastoma, Humans, Interleukin-1beta, Neuroglia},
	issn = {1568-5608},
	doi = {10.1007/s10787-017-0369-5},
	author = {Tricarico, Paola Maura and Epate, Angeladine and Celsi, Fulvio and Crovella, Sergio}
}
@article {10495,
	title = {Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1-Positive Mothers: Neurological Implications in Virus-Free Children.},
	journal = {Int J Mol Sci},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017 Feb 15},
	abstract = {<p>Since the worldwide introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1, HIV-1-positive mothers, together with HIV-1 testing prior to pregnancy, caesarian birth and breastfeeding cessation with replacement feeding, a reduction of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) has been observed in the last few years. As such, an increasing number of children are being exposed in utero to ART. Several questions have arisen concerning the neurological effects of ART exposure in utero, considering the potential effect of antiretroviral drugs on the central nervous system, a structure which is in continuous development in the fetus and characterized by great plasticity. This review aims at discussing the possible neurological impairment of children exposed to ART in utero, focusing attention on the drugs commonly used for HIV-1 MTCT prevention, clinical reports of ART neurotoxicity in children born to HIV-1-positive mothers, and neurologic effects of protease inhibitors (PIs), especially ritonavir-"boosted" lopinavir (LPV/r) in cell and animal central nervous system models evaluating the potential neurotoxic effect of ART. Finally, we present the findings of a meta-analysis to assess the effects on the neurodevelopment of children exposed to ART in utero.</p>},
	keywords = {Animals, Anti-HIV Agents, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Disease Management, Disease Models, Animal, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, HIV Infections, HIV-1, Humans, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Maternal Exposure, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Mothers, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects},
	issn = {1422-0067},
	doi = {10.3390/ijms18020423},
	author = {Coelho, Ant{\^o}nio Victor Campos and Tricarico, Paola Maura and Celsi, Fulvio and Crovella, Sergio}
}
