@article {8480,
	title = {Frequency of the CCR5-delta32 allele in Brazilian populations: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.},
	journal = {Infect Genet Evol},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 Sep},
	pages = {101-7},
	abstract = {<p>The CCR5 is a chemokine receptor widely expressed by several immune cells that are engaged in inflammatory responses. Some populations have individuals exhibiting a 32bp deletion in the CCR5 gene (CCR5-delta32) that produces a truncated non-functional protein not expressed on the cell surface. This polymorphism, known to be associated with susceptibility to infectious and inflammatory diseases, such as osteomyelitis, pre-eclampsia, systemic lupus erythematous, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and HIV/AIDS, is more commonly found in European populations with average frequency of 10\%. However, it is also possible to observe a significant frequency in other world populations, such as the Brazilian one. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of CCR5-delta32 genetic association studies in Brazilian populations throughout the country to estimate the frequency of this polymorphism. We also compared CCR5-delta32 frequencies across Brazilian regions. The systematic literature reviewed studies involving delta32 allele in Brazilian populations published from 1995 to 2015. Among the reviewed literature, 25 studies including 30 Brazilian populations distributed between the North, Northeast, South and Southeast regions were included in our meta-analysis. We observed an overall allelic frequency of 4\% (95\%-CI, 0.03-0.05), that was considered moderate and, notably, higher than some European populations, such as Cyprus (2.8\%), Italy (3\%) and Greece (2.4\%). Regarding the regional frequency comparisons between North-Northeast (N-NE) and South-Southeast (S-SE) regions, we observed an allelic frequency of 3\% (95\%-CI, 0.02-0.04) and 4\% (95\%-CI, 0.03-0.05), respectively. The populations from S-SE regions had a slightly higher CCR5-delta32 frequency than N-NE regions (OR=1.41, p=0.002). Although there are several studies about the CCR5-delta32 polymorphism and its effect on the immune response of some infectious diseases, this report is the first meta-analysis study that provides a descriptive study of the distribution of CCR5-delta32 allele in Brazilian population.</p>},
	issn = {1567-7257},
	doi = {10.1016/j.meegid.2016.05.024},
	author = {Silva-Carvalho, Wlisses Henrique Veloso and De Moura, Ronald Rodrigues and Coelho, Ant{\^o}nio Victor Campos and Crovella, Sergio and Guimar{\~a}es, Rafael Lima}
}
@article {7750,
	title = {Meta-analysis and time series modeling allow a systematic review of primary HIV-1 drug-resistant prevalence in Latin America and Caribbean.},
	journal = {Curr HIV Res},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015},
	pages = {125-42},
	abstract = {<p>Here we review the prevalence of HIV-1 primary drug resistance in Latin America and Caribbean using meta-analysis as well as time-series modeling. We also discuss whether there could be a drawback to HIV/AIDS programs due to drug resistance in Latin America and Caribbean in the next years. We observed that, although some studies report low or moderate primary drug resistance prevalence in Caribbean countries, this evidence needs to be updated. In other countries, such as Brazil and Argentina, the prevalence of drug resistance appears to be rising. Mutations conferring resistance against reverse transcriptase inhibitors were the most frequent in the analyzed populations (70\% of all mutational events). HIV-1 subtype B was the most prevalent in Latin America and the Caribbean, although subtype C and B/F recombinants have significant contributions in Argentina and Brazil. Thus, we suggest that primary drug resistance in Latin America and the Caribbean could have been underestimated. Clinical monitoring should be improved to offer better therapy, reducing the risk for HIV-1 resistance emergence and spread, principally in vulnerable populations, such as men who have sex with men transmission group, sex workers and intravenous drug users.</p>},
	issn = {1873-4251},
	author = {Coelho, Ant{\^o}nio Victor Campos and De Moura, Ronald Rodrigues and da Silva, Ronaldo Celerino and Kamada, Anselmo Jiro and Guimar{\~a}es, Rafael Lima and Brand{\~a}o, Lucas Andr{\'e} Cavalcanti and Coelho, Hem{\'\i}lio Fernandes Campos and Crovella, Sergio}
}
