@article {10784,
	title = {Gene discovery and polygenic prediction from a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in 1.1 million individuals.},
	journal = {Nat Genet},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 Aug},
	pages = {1112-1121},
	abstract = {<p>Here we conducted a large-scale genetic association analysis of educational attainment in a sample of approximately 1.1 million individuals and identify 1,271 independent genome-wide-significant SNPs. For the SNPs taken together, we found evidence of heterogeneous effects across environments. The SNPs implicate genes involved in brain-development processes and neuron-to-neuron communication. In a separate analysis of the X chromosome, we identify 10 independent genome-wide-significant SNPs and estimate a SNP heritability of around 0.3\% in both men and women, consistent with partial dosage compensation. A joint (multi-phenotype) analysis of educational attainment and three related cognitive phenotypes generates polygenic scores that explain 11-13\% of the variance in educational attainment and 7-10\% of the variance in cognitive performance. This prediction accuracy substantially increases the utility of polygenic scores as tools in research.</p>},
	issn = {1546-1718},
	doi = {10.1038/s41588-018-0147-3},
	author = {Lee, James J and Wedow, Robbee and Okbay, Aysu and Kong, Edward and Maghzian, Omeed and Zacher, Meghan and Nguyen-Viet, Tuan Anh and Bowers, Peter and Sidorenko, Julia and Karlsson Linn{\'e}r, Richard and Fontana, Mark Alan and Kundu, Tushar and Lee, Chanwook and Li, Hui and Li, Ruoxi and Royer, Rebecca and Timshel, Pascal N and Walters, Raymond K and Willoughby, Emily A and Yengo, Loic and Alver, Maris and Bao, Yanchun and Clark, David W and Day, Felix R and Furlotte, Nicholas A and Joshi, Peter K and Kemper, Kathryn E and Kleinman, Aaron and Langenberg, Claudia and M{\"a}gi, Reedik and Trampush, Joey W and Verma, Shefali Setia and Wu, Yang and Lam, Max and Zhao, Jing Hua and Zheng, Zhili and Boardman, Jason D and Campbell, Harry and Freese, Jeremy and Harris, Kathleen Mullan and Hayward, Caroline and Herd, Pamela and Kumari, Meena and Lencz, Todd and Luan, Jian{\textquoteright}an and Malhotra, Anil K and Metspalu, Andres and Milani, Lili and Ong, Ken K and Perry, John R B and Porteous, David J and Ritchie, Marylyn D and Smart, Melissa C and Smith, Blair H and Tung, Joyce Y and Wareham, Nicholas J and Wilson, James F and Beauchamp, Jonathan P and Conley, Dalton C and Esko, T{\~o}nu and Lehrer, Steven F and Magnusson, Patrik K E and Oskarsson, Sven and Pers, Tune H and Robinson, Matthew R and Thom, Kevin and Watson, Chelsea and Chabris, Christopher F and Meyer, Michelle N and Laibson, David I and Yang, Jian and Johannesson, Magnus and Koellinger, Philipp D and Turley, Patrick and Visscher, Peter M and Benjamin, Daniel J and Cesarini, David}
}
@article {10444,
	title = {Genome-wide association meta-analysis highlights light-induced signaling as a driver for refractive error.},
	journal = {Nat Genet},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 Jun},
	pages = {834-848},
	abstract = {<p>Refractive errors, including myopia, are the most frequent eye disorders worldwide and an increasingly common cause of blindness. This genome-wide association meta-analysis in 160,420 participants and replication in 95,505 participants increased the number of established independent signals from 37 to 161 and showed high genetic correlation between Europeans and Asians (>0.78). Expression experiments and comprehensive in silico analyses identified retinal cell physiology and light processing as prominent mechanisms, and also identified functional contributions to refractive-error development in all cell types of the neurosensory retina, retinal pigment epithelium, vascular endothelium and extracellular matrix. Newly identified genes implicate novel mechanisms such as rod-and-cone bipolar synaptic neurotransmission, anterior-segment morphology and angiogenesis. Thirty-one loci resided in or near regions transcribing small RNAs, thus suggesting a role for post-transcriptional regulation. Our results support the notion that refractive errors are caused by a light-dependent retina-to-sclera signaling cascade and delineate potential pathobiological molecular drivers.</p>},
	issn = {1546-1718},
	doi = {10.1038/s41588-018-0127-7},
	author = {Tedja, Milly S and Wojciechowski, Robert and Hysi, Pirro G and Eriksson, Nicholas and Furlotte, Nicholas A and Verhoeven, Virginie J M and Iglesias, Adriana I and Meester-Smoor, Magda A and Tompson, Stuart W and Fan, Qiao and Khawaja, Anthony P and Cheng, Ching-Yu and H{\"o}hn, Ren{\'e} and Yamashiro, Kenji and Wenocur, Adam and Grazal, Clare and Haller, Toomas and Metspalu, Andres and Wedenoja, Juho and Jonas, Jost B and Wang, Ya Xing and Xie, Jing and Mitchell, Paul and Foster, Paul J and Klein, Barbara E K and Klein, Ronald and Paterson, Andrew D and Hosseini, S Mohsen and Shah, Rupal L and Williams, Cathy and Teo, Yik Ying and Tham, Yih Chung and Gupta, Preeti and Zhao, Wanting and Shi, Yuan and Saw, Woei-Yuh and Tai, E-Shyong and Sim, Xue Ling and Huffman, Jennifer E and Polasek, Ozren and Hayward, Caroline and Bencic, Goran and Rudan, Igor and Wilson, James F and Joshi, Peter K and Tsujikawa, Akitaka and Matsuda, Fumihiko and Whisenhunt, Kristina N and Zeller, Tanja and van der Spek, Peter J and Haak, Roxanna and Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne and van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M and Iyengar, Sudha K and Lass, Jonathan H and Hofman, Albert and Rivadeneira, Fernando and Uitterlinden, Andr{\'e} G and Vingerling, Johannes R and Lehtim{\"a}ki, Terho and Raitakari, Olli T and Biino, Ginevra and Concas, Maria Pina and Schwantes-An, Tae-Hwi and Igo, Robert P and Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel and Martin, Nicholas G and Craig, Jamie E and Gharahkhani, Puya and Williams, Katie M and Nag, Abhishek and Rahi, Jugnoo S and Cumberland, Phillippa M and Delcourt, C{\'e}cile and Bellenguez, C{\'e}line and Ried, Janina S and Bergen, Arthur A and Meitinger, Thomas and Gieger, Christian and Wong, Tien Yin and Hewitt, Alex W and Mackey, David A and Simpson, Claire L and Pfeiffer, Norbert and P{\"a}rssinen, Olavi and Baird, Paul N and Vitart, Veronique and Amin, Najaf and van Duijn, Cornelia M and Bailey-Wilson, Joan E and Young, Terri L and Saw, Seang-Mei and Stambolian, Dwight and MacGregor, Stuart and Guggenheim, Jeremy A and Tung, Joyce Y and Hammond, Christopher J and Klaver, Caroline C W}
}
