@article {1607,
	title = {Secondary lymphoid tissue as an important site for WU polyomavirus infection in immunocompetent children.},
	journal = {J Med Virol},
	volume = {83},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011 Aug},
	pages = {1446-50},
	abstract = {<p>The polyomaviruses KI and WU (KIPyV and WUPyV) have been identified in respiratory specimens from children with acute respiratory infections, which suggests the respiratory tract as a possible site of infection. However, the persistence of infection in the lymphoid system is unknown. Fresh samples (n = 211) of tonsils, adenoids, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 83 immunocompetent children (mean age 4.8 years) were tested for amplification of the KIPyV VP1 and WUPyV VP2 genes. The known BK and JC polyomaviruses and the lymphotropic human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 were also investigated by quantitative real-time PCR and direct sequencing. In addition, 98 nasopharyngeal swabs collected from children (mean age 6.2 years) affected by seasonal influenza-like illness were tested. Of the lymphoid tissues, 34.9\% were positive for WUPyV, 4.8\% for BK virus, and 33.8\% for HHV-6. KIPyV and JC virus were not detected in these specimens. None of the polyomaviruses were detected in PBMCs. Among the nasopharyngeal samples, the prevalence of WUPyV was 27.5\%, although 70\% of the positive samples were co-infected with at least one of the following respiratory viruses: influenza virus, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high sequence homology (99\%) between lymphoid- and nasopharynx-derived WUPyV strains. These results suggest that the tonsils and adenoids of immunocompetent children are a reservoir for WUPyV infection; probably due to the respiratory route of transmission. In addition, the prevalence of WUPyV was high among the children, and the virus was identified more frequently in older children than during the first years of life.</p>},
	keywords = {Adenoids, Child, Child, Preschool, DNA, Viral, Female, Humans, Infant, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Male, Nasopharynx, Palatine Tonsil, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polyomavirus, Polyomavirus Infections, Prevalence, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sequence Homology},
	issn = {1096-9071},
	doi = {10.1002/jmv.22124},
	author = {Comar, Manola and Zanotta, Nunzia and Rossi, Tatiana and Pelos, Giorgio and D{\textquoteright}Agaro, Pierlanfranco}
}
@article {1646,
	title = {Epidemiological and molecular assessment of a rubella outbreak in North-Eastern Italy.},
	journal = {J Med Virol},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010 Nov},
	pages = {1976-82},
	abstract = {<p>From January to June 2008, a rubella outbreak involving 111 laboratory confirmed cases occurred in the Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG) region of North-Eastern Italy. The outbreak occurred initially in two residential homes for young adults disabled mentally and physically. Subsequently, the epidemic spread to the general population. Young adult cohorts were mostly affected and the mean age of the patients was 26.8 years; the majority of cases were male (73.8\%), with a mean age of 26.6 years in males and 27.4 in females. Three pregnant women had a primary infection and two had their pregnancies terminated. Genotyping of 16 isolates showed the circulation of RUBV 2B, a genotype originating from Asia and South Africa and now present in Europe. In addition, molecular analysis revealed a well defined space-temporal spread of two viruses showing distinct sequences. A seroepidemiological survey carried out in a city within the same geographical area showed that the proportion of women of childbearing age still susceptible to rubella virus was 5.5\%, fairly close to the figure (<5\%) expected by 2010.</p>},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Antibodies, Viral, Disease Outbreaks, Epidemics, Female, Genotype, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Italy, Male, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Rubella, Rubella virus, Young Adult},
	issn = {1096-9071},
	doi = {10.1002/jmv.21874},
	author = {D{\textquoteright}Agaro, Pierlanfranco and Dal Molin, Gianna and Zamparo, Emanuela and Rossi, Tatiana and Micuzzo, Michele and Busetti, Marina and Santon, Daniela and Campello, Cesare}
}
