@article {1978,
	title = {Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) from Chlamydia trachomatis versus PID from Neisseria gonorrhea: from clinical suspicion to therapy.},
	journal = {G Ital Dermatol Venereol},
	volume = {147},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012 Oct},
	pages = {423-30},
	abstract = {<p>Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the most significant complication of sexually transmitted infections in childbearing-age women and it represents an important public health problem because of its long-term sequelae (chronic pelvic pain, tubal infertility, ectopic pregnancy). Prior to the mid 1970s PID was considered a monoetiologic infection, due primarily to Neisseria gonorrhea. Now it is well documented as a polymicrobial process, with a great number of microrganisms involved. In addition to Neisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis, other vaginal microrganisms (anaerobes, Gardnerella vaginalis, Haemophilus influenzae, enteric Gram negative rods, Streptococco agalactie, Mycoplasma genitalium) also have been associated with PID. There is a wide variation in PID clinical features; the type and severity of symptoms vary by microbiologic etiology. Women who have chlamydial PID seem more likely than women who have gonococcal PID to be asymptomatic. Since clinical diagnosis is imprecise, the suspicion of PID should be confirmed by genital assessment for signs of inflammation or infection, blood test and imaging evaluation. Laparoscopic approach is considered the gold standard. According to the polymicrobial etiology of PID, antibiotic treatment must provide broad spectrum coverage of likely pathogens. Early administration of antibiotics is necessary to reduce the risk of long-term sequelae.</p>},
	keywords = {Chlamydia Infections, Chlamydia trachomatis, Female, Gonorrhea, Humans, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease},
	issn = {0392-0488},
	author = {De Seta, F and Banco, R and Turrisi, A and Airoud, M and De Leo, R and Stabile, G and Ceccarello, M and Restaino, S and De Santo, D}
}
@article {1608,
	title = {[Proteomic applications in gynecology-obstetrics].},
	journal = {Minerva Ginecol},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011 Feb},
	pages = {39-46},
	abstract = {<p>Proteomics has recently emerged as a powerful approach both for discovering biomarkers as well as for understanding the physiopathology of unclear gynecological-obstetrical disorders. Currently, several biological fluids and fetal tissues were successfully tested, including maternal plasma, amniotic fluid, cervical-vaginal fluid, urine, saliva, placental trophoblast, amnio-chorionic membranes and cord blood. The potential of proteomics on the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) involves biomarkers discovery for a more accurate diagnosis of the syndrome and identification, within the patients with PCOS, those who respond more easily to treatment and those who will be at increased risk for future metabolic complications. The proteomic approach applied to patients with endometriosis would allow not only a non-invasive early diagnosis, but also a staging of the disease and a prediction of infertility risk. Proteomics also involves oncological field, in order to discover biomarkers that allow early diagnosis and prognosis of female genital malignancies. In addition to this, proteomics could be used to understand and predict obstetrical complications such as recurrent spontaneous abortion, preterm birth and preeclampsia. However, further studies are needed on a larger cohort of patients to introduce these biomarkers in clinical practice.</p>},
	keywords = {Endometriosis, Female, Genital Diseases, Female, Genital Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Proteomics},
	issn = {0026-4784},
	author = {De Seta, F and Banco, R and Guaschino, S and De Santo, D and Turrisi, A and Piva, C}
}
