TY - JOUR T1 - Early-life nutritional exposures and lifelong health: immediate and long-lasting impacts of probiotics, vitamin D, and breastfeeding. JF - Nutr Rev Y1 - 2017 A1 - Berti, Cristiana A1 - Agostoni, Carlo A1 - Davanzo, Riccardo A1 - Hyppönen, Elina A1 - Isolauri, Erika A1 - Meltzer, Helle M A1 - Steegers-Theunissen, Régine P M A1 - Cetin, Irene KW - Breast Feeding KW - Diet KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena KW - Meta-Analysis as Topic KW - Nutritional Status KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Probiotics KW - Vitamin D AB -

Pregnancy and infancy comprise the most critical stages for conditioning an individual's health, with a number of implications for subsequent risks of morbidity, mortality, and reproductive health. Nutrition may influence both the overall pregnancy outcome and the growth trajectory and immune system of the fetus and infant, with short- and long-term effects on the health of the offspring. Within this context, leading experts at Expo Milano 2015 in Milan, Italy, discussed up-to-date knowledge while providing suggestions and challenges before, during, and after pregnancy. This narrative review summarizes the key issues raised by the experts concerning the interplay between the nutritional environment from conception to early infancy and the offspring's immediate and lifelong health, with a particular focus on epigenetic mechanisms, probiotics, vitamin D, and breastfeeding. Taken together, the findings strengthen the awareness that nutritional exposures occurring from preconception to the postnatal period may be strong determinants of the offspring's health and may provide supportive evidence for current nutritional recommendations and guidelines for pregnant women and infants. Critical topics to be addressed in future research and translated into recommendations of public health relevance are also highlighted.

VL - 75 IS - 2 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28130504?dopt=Abstract ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Breastfeeding during pregnancy: safety and socioeconomic status. JF - Breastfeed Med Y1 - 2014 A1 - Monasta, Lorenzo A1 - Cetin, Irene A1 - Davanzo, Riccardo KW - Breast Feeding KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Lactation KW - Male KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Weaning VL - 9 IS - 6 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24892360?dopt=Abstract ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multicenter, case-control study on risk factors for antepartum stillbirth. JF - J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med Y1 - 2011 A1 - Facchinetti, Fabio A1 - Alberico, Salvatore A1 - Benedetto, Chiara A1 - Cetin, Irene A1 - Cozzolino, Sabrina A1 - Di Renzo, Gian Carlo A1 - Del Giovane, Cinzia A1 - Ferrari, Francesca A1 - Mecacci, Federico A1 - Menato, Guido A1 - Tranquilli, Andrea L A1 - Baronciani, Dante KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Cause of Death KW - Congenital Abnormalities KW - Female KW - Fetal Death KW - Fetal Growth Retardation KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Male KW - Obstetric Labor Complications KW - Pre-Eclampsia KW - Pregnancy KW - Risk Factors KW - Stillbirth KW - Young Adult AB -

OBJECTIVE: As the influence of socio-demographic variables, lifestyle and medical conditions on the epidemiology of stillbirth (SB) is modified by population features, we aimed at investigating the role played by these factors on the incidence of SB in a developed country.

STUDY DESIGN: Multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR with 95% CI) was utilized in a prospective multicentre nested case-control study to compare in a 1:2 ratio stillborn of >22 weeks gestation with matched for gestational age live-born (LB) infants. Intrapartum SB were excluded.

RESULTS: Two hundred fifty-four consecutive SBs and 497 LBs were enrolled. Socio-demographic variables were equally distributed. Fetal malformations (7.96, 2.69-23.55), severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (birthweight ≤ 5(th) %ile) (4.32, 2.27?8.24), BMI > 25 (2.87, 1.90-4.33), and preeclampsia (PE, 0.40, 0.21-0.77) were recognized as independent predictors for SB. At term, only BMI > 25 was associated with SB (7.70, 2.9-20.5).

CONCLUSION: Fetal malformations, severe IUGR and maternal BMI > 25 were associated with a significant increase in the risk of SB; PE presented instead a protective role. Maternal BMI > 25 was the only risk factor for SB identified in term pregnancies.

VL - 24 IS - 3 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20586545?dopt=Abstract ER -