TY - JOUR T1 - Dyslipidemia, Diet, and Physical Exercise in Children on Treatment with Anti-Retroviral Medication in El Salvador: A Cross-Sectional Study. JF - Pediatr Infect Dis J Y1 - 2016 A1 - Sonego, Michela A1 - Sagrado, Maria José A1 - Escobar, Gustavo A1 - Lazzerini, Marzia A1 - Rivas, Estefanie A1 - Martín-Cañavate, Rocio A1 - de López, Elsy Pérez A1 - Ayala, Sandra A1 - Castaneda, Luis A1 - Aparicio, Pilar A1 - Custodio, Estefanía AB -

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemias are common in HIV-infected children, especially if treated with protease-inhibitors, but there are few data on how to treat dyslipidemias in this population. We estimated the dislypidemia prevalence and its association with treatment, diet, and physical exercise in children on anti-retroviral treatment at the El Salvador reference center for pediatric HIV care (CENID).

METHODS: Information was gathered regarding socio-demographic characteristics, treatment, diet, and physical activity of 173 children aged 5-18 years and receiving anti-retroviral therapy.Triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), viral load, and CD4 T-lymphocytes were measured. Abnormal concentrations were defined as triglycerides ≥130 mg/dl in 10- to 18-year-olds and ≥100 mg/dl in <10 year-olds; total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dl; LDL-C ≥130 mg/dl; and HDL-C ≤35 mg/dl.We adjusted four different multivariate models to assess the independent association of each type of dyslipidemia with protease-inhibitors, diet, and physical exercise.

RESULTS: Of the 173 children, 83 (48%) had hypertriglyceridemia and 25 (14.5%) hypercholesterolemia. High LDL-C concentrations were observed in 17 children (9.8%) and low HDL-C in 38 (22%). Treatment with protease-inhibitors was significantly associated with hypertriglyceridemia (Prevalence Ratio (PR) 2.8; 95%CI 2.0-3.8) and hypercholesterolemia (PR 9.0; 95%CI 3.6-22.2).Higher adherence to a "high fat/sugar diet" was associated with hypercholesterolemia (PR 1.6; 95%CI 1.1-2.3) and high LDL-C (PR 1.7; 95%CI 1.0-2.9).Compared with those exercising <3 times/week, children exercising ≥7 times were less likely to have low HDL-C (PR=0.4; 95%CI 0.2-0.7).

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a healthy diet and exercise habits can contribute to controlling some aspects of the lipid profile in this population.

U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27254031?dopt=Abstract ER -