TY - JOUR T1 - Genome-wide association meta-analysis of individuals of European ancestry identifies new loci explaining a substantial fraction of hair color variation and heritability. JF - Nat Genet Y1 - 2018 A1 - Hysi, Pirro G A1 - Valdes, Ana M A1 - Liu, Fan A1 - Furlotte, Nicholas A A1 - Evans, David M A1 - Bataille, Veronique A1 - Visconti, Alessia A1 - Hemani, Gibran A1 - McMahon, George A1 - Ring, Susan M A1 - Smith, George Davey A1 - Duffy, David L A1 - Zhu, Gu A1 - Gordon, Scott D A1 - Medland, Sarah E A1 - Lin, Bochao D A1 - Willemsen, Gonneke A1 - Jan Hottenga, Jouke A1 - Vuckovic, Dragana A1 - Girotto, Giorgia A1 - Gandin, Ilaria A1 - Sala, Cinzia A1 - Concas, Maria Pina A1 - Brumat, Marco A1 - Gasparini, Paolo A1 - Toniolo, Daniela A1 - Cocca, Massimiliano A1 - Robino, Antonietta A1 - Yazar, Seyhan A1 - Hewitt, Alex W A1 - Chen, Yan A1 - Zeng, Changqing A1 - Uitterlinden, André G A1 - Ikram, M Arfan A1 - Hamer, Merel A A1 - van Duijn, Cornelia M A1 - Nijsten, Tamar A1 - Mackey, David A A1 - Falchi, Mario A1 - Boomsma, Dorret I A1 - Martin, Nicholas G A1 - Hinds, David A A1 - Kayser, Manfred A1 - Spector, Timothy D AB -

Hair color is one of the most recognizable visual traits in European populations and is under strong genetic control. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of almost 300,000 participants of European descent. We identified 123 autosomal and one X-chromosome loci significantly associated with hair color; all but 13 are novel. Collectively, single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with hair color within these loci explain 34.6% of red hair, 24.8% of blond hair, and 26.1% of black hair heritability in the study populations. These results confirm the polygenic nature of complex phenotypes and improve our understanding of melanin pigment metabolism in humans.

VL - 50 IS - 5 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29662168?dopt=Abstract ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genomic analyses identify hundreds of variants associated with age at menarche and support a role for puberty timing in cancer risk. JF - Nat Genet Y1 - 2017 A1 - Day, Felix R A1 - Thompson, Deborah J A1 - Helgason, Hannes A1 - Chasman, Daniel I A1 - Finucane, Hilary A1 - Sulem, Patrick A1 - Ruth, Katherine S A1 - Whalen, Sean A1 - Sarkar, Abhishek K A1 - Albrecht, Eva A1 - Altmaier, Elisabeth A1 - Amini, Marzyeh A1 - Barbieri, Caterina M A1 - Boutin, Thibaud A1 - Campbell, Archie A1 - Demerath, Ellen A1 - Giri, Ayush A1 - He, Chunyan A1 - Hottenga, Jouke J A1 - Karlsson, Robert A1 - Kolcic, Ivana A1 - Loh, Po-Ru A1 - Lunetta, Kathryn L A1 - Mangino, Massimo A1 - Marco, Brumat A1 - McMahon, George A1 - Medland, Sarah E A1 - Nolte, Ilja M A1 - Noordam, Raymond A1 - Nutile, Teresa A1 - Paternoster, Lavinia A1 - Perjakova, Natalia A1 - Porcu, Eleonora A1 - Rose, Lynda M A1 - Schraut, Katharina E A1 - Segrè, Ayellet V A1 - Smith, Albert V A1 - Stolk, Lisette A1 - Teumer, Alexander A1 - Andrulis, Irene L A1 - Bandinelli, Stefania A1 - Beckmann, Matthias W A1 - Benitez, Javier A1 - Bergmann, Sven A1 - Bochud, Murielle A1 - Boerwinkle, Eric A1 - Bojesen, Stig E A1 - Bolla, Manjeet K A1 - Brand, Judith S A1 - Brauch, Hiltrud A1 - Brenner, Hermann A1 - Broer, Linda A1 - Brüning, Thomas A1 - Buring, Julie E A1 - Campbell, Harry A1 - Catamo, Eulalia A1 - Chanock, Stephen A1 - Chenevix-Trench, Georgia A1 - Corre, Tanguy A1 - Couch, Fergus J A1 - Cousminer, Diana L A1 - Cox, Angela A1 - Crisponi, Laura A1 - Czene, Kamila A1 - Davey Smith, George A1 - de Geus, Eco J C N A1 - de Mutsert, Renée A1 - De Vivo, Immaculata A1 - Dennis, Joe A1 - Devilee, Peter A1 - Dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel A1 - Dunning, Alison M A1 - Eriksson, Johan G A1 - Fasching, Peter A A1 - Fernández-Rhodes, Lindsay A1 - Ferrucci, Luigi A1 - Flesch-Janys, Dieter A1 - Franke, Lude A1 - Gabrielson, Marike A1 - Gandin, Ilaria A1 - Giles, Graham G A1 - Grallert, Harald A1 - Gudbjartsson, Daniel F A1 - Guenel, Pascal A1 - Hall, Per A1 - Hallberg, Emily A1 - Hamann, Ute A1 - Harris, Tamara B A1 - Hartman, Catharina A A1 - Heiss, Gerardo A1 - Hooning, Maartje J A1 - Hopper, John L A1 - Hu, Frank A1 - Hunter, David J A1 - Ikram, M Arfan A1 - Im, Hae Kyung A1 - Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta A1 - Joshi, Peter K A1 - Karasik, David A1 - Kellis, Manolis A1 - Kutalik, Zoltán A1 - LaChance, Genevieve A1 - Lambrechts, Diether A1 - Langenberg, Claudia A1 - Launer, Lenore J A1 - Laven, Joop S E A1 - Lenarduzzi, Stefania A1 - Li, Jingmei A1 - Lind, Penelope A A1 - Lindström, Sara A1 - Liu, Yongmei A1 - Luan, Jian'an A1 - Mägi, Reedik A1 - Mannermaa, Arto A1 - Mbarek, Hamdi A1 - McCarthy, Mark I A1 - Meisinger, Christa A1 - Meitinger, Thomas A1 - Menni, Cristina A1 - Metspalu, Andres A1 - Michailidou, Kyriaki A1 - Milani, Lili A1 - Milne, Roger L A1 - Montgomery, Grant W A1 - Mulligan, Anna M A1 - Nalls, Mike A A1 - Navarro, Pau A1 - Nevanlinna, Heli A1 - Nyholt, Dale R A1 - Oldehinkel, Albertine J A1 - O'Mara, Tracy A A1 - Padmanabhan, Sandosh A1 - Palotie, Aarno A1 - Pedersen, Nancy A1 - Peters, Annette A1 - Peto, Julian A1 - Pharoah, Paul D P A1 - Pouta, Anneli A1 - Radice, Paolo A1 - Rahman, Iffat A1 - Ring, Susan M A1 - Robino, Antonietta A1 - Rosendaal, Frits R A1 - Rudan, Igor A1 - Rueedi, Rico A1 - Ruggiero, Daniela A1 - Sala, Cinzia F A1 - Schmidt, Marjanka K A1 - Scott, Robert A A1 - Shah, Mitul A1 - Sorice, Rossella A1 - Southey, Melissa C A1 - Sovio, Ulla A1 - Stampfer, Meir A1 - Steri, Maristella A1 - Strauch, Konstantin A1 - Tanaka, Toshiko A1 - Tikkanen, Emmi A1 - Timpson, Nicholas J A1 - Traglia, Michela A1 - Truong, Therese A1 - Tyrer, Jonathan P A1 - Uitterlinden, André G A1 - Edwards, Digna R Velez A1 - Vitart, Veronique A1 - Völker, Uwe A1 - Vollenweider, Peter A1 - Wang, Qin A1 - Widen, Elisabeth A1 - van Dijk, Ko Willems A1 - Willemsen, Gonneke A1 - Winqvist, Robert A1 - Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H R A1 - Zhao, Jing Hua A1 - Zoledziewska, Magdalena A1 - Zygmunt, Marek A1 - Alizadeh, Behrooz Z A1 - Boomsma, Dorret I A1 - Ciullo, Marina A1 - Cucca, Francesco A1 - Esko, Tõnu A1 - Franceschini, Nora A1 - Gieger, Christian A1 - Gudnason, Vilmundur A1 - Hayward, Caroline A1 - Kraft, Peter A1 - Lawlor, Debbie A A1 - Magnusson, Patrik K E A1 - Martin, Nicholas G A1 - Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O A1 - Nohr, Ellen A A1 - Polasek, Ozren A1 - Porteous, David A1 - Price, Alkes L A1 - Ridker, Paul M A1 - Snieder, Harold A1 - Spector, Tim D A1 - Stöckl, Doris A1 - Toniolo, Daniela A1 - Ulivi, Sheila A1 - Visser, Jenny A A1 - Völzke, Henry A1 - Wareham, Nicholas J A1 - Wilson, James F A1 - Spurdle, Amanda B A1 - Thorsteindottir, Unnur A1 - Pollard, Katherine S A1 - Easton, Douglas F A1 - Tung, Joyce Y A1 - Chang-Claude, Jenny A1 - Hinds, David A1 - Murray, Anna A1 - Murabito, Joanne M A1 - Stefansson, Kari A1 - Ong, Ken K A1 - Perry, John R B KW - Adolescent KW - Age Factors KW - Body Mass Index KW - Databases, Genetic KW - Female KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Genome-Wide Association Study KW - Genomic Imprinting KW - Humans KW - Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins KW - Male KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Menarche KW - Neoplasms KW - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide KW - Puberty KW - Quantitative Trait Loci KW - Ribonucleoproteins KW - Risk Factors AB -

The timing of puberty is a highly polygenic childhood trait that is epidemiologically associated with various adult diseases. Using 1000 Genomes Project-imputed genotype data in up to ∼370,000 women, we identify 389 independent signals (P < 5 × 10) for age at menarche, a milestone in female pubertal development. In Icelandic data, these signals explain ∼7.4% of the population variance in age at menarche, corresponding to ∼25% of the estimated heritability. We implicate ∼250 genes via coding variation or associated expression, demonstrating significant enrichment in neural tissues. Rare variants near the imprinted genes MKRN3 and DLK1 were identified, exhibiting large effects when paternally inherited. Mendelian randomization analyses suggest causal inverse associations, independent of body mass index (BMI), between puberty timing and risks for breast and endometrial cancers in women and prostate cancer in men. In aggregate, our findings highlight the complexity of the genetic regulation of puberty timing and support causal links with cancer susceptibility.

VL - 49 IS - 6 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28436984?dopt=Abstract ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Whole-Genome Sequencing Coupled to Imputation Discovers Genetic Signals for Anthropometric Traits. JF - Am J Hum Genet Y1 - 2017 A1 - Tachmazidou, Ioanna A1 - Süveges, Dániel A1 - Min, Josine L A1 - Ritchie, Graham R S A1 - Steinberg, Julia A1 - Walter, Klaudia A1 - Iotchkova, Valentina A1 - Schwartzentruber, Jeremy A1 - Huang, Jie A1 - Memari, Yasin A1 - McCarthy, Shane A1 - Crawford, Andrew A A1 - Bombieri, Cristina A1 - Cocca, Massimiliano A1 - Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni A1 - Gaunt, Tom R A1 - Jousilahti, Pekka A1 - Kooijman, Marjolein N A1 - Lehne, Benjamin A1 - Malerba, Giovanni A1 - Männistö, Satu A1 - Matchan, Angela A1 - Medina-Gomez, Carolina A1 - Metrustry, Sarah J A1 - Nag, Abhishek A1 - Ntalla, Ioanna A1 - Paternoster, Lavinia A1 - Rayner, Nigel W A1 - Sala, Cinzia A1 - Scott, William R A1 - Shihab, Hashem A A1 - Southam, Lorraine A1 - St Pourcain, Beate A1 - Traglia, Michela A1 - Trajanoska, Katerina A1 - Zaza, Gialuigi A1 - Zhang, Weihua A1 - Artigas, María S A1 - Bansal, Narinder A1 - Benn, Marianne A1 - Chen, Zhongsheng A1 - Danecek, Petr A1 - Lin, Wei-Yu A1 - Locke, Adam A1 - Luan, Jian'an A1 - Manning, Alisa K A1 - Mulas, Antonella A1 - Sidore, Carlo A1 - Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne A1 - Varbo, Anette A1 - Zoledziewska, Magdalena A1 - Finan, Chris A1 - Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos A1 - Hendricks, Audrey E A1 - Kemp, John P A1 - Moayyeri, Alireza A1 - Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope A1 - Szpak, Michal A1 - Wilson, Scott G A1 - Boehnke, Michael A1 - Cucca, Francesco A1 - Di Angelantonio, Emanuele A1 - Langenberg, Claudia A1 - Lindgren, Cecilia A1 - McCarthy, Mark I A1 - Morris, Andrew P A1 - Nordestgaard, Børge G A1 - Scott, Robert A A1 - Tobin, Martin D A1 - Wareham, Nicholas J A1 - Burton, Paul A1 - Chambers, John C A1 - Smith, George Davey A1 - Dedoussis, George A1 - Felix, Janine F A1 - Franco, Oscar H A1 - Gambaro, Giovanni A1 - Gasparini, Paolo A1 - Hammond, Christopher J A1 - Hofman, Albert A1 - Jaddoe, Vincent W V A1 - Kleber, Marcus A1 - Kooner, Jaspal S A1 - Perola, Markus A1 - Relton, Caroline A1 - Ring, Susan M A1 - Rivadeneira, Fernando A1 - Salomaa, Veikko A1 - Spector, Timothy D A1 - Stegle, Oliver A1 - Toniolo, Daniela A1 - Uitterlinden, André G A1 - Barroso, Inês A1 - Greenwood, Celia M T A1 - Perry, John R B A1 - Walker, Brian R A1 - Butterworth, Adam S A1 - Xue, Yali A1 - Durbin, Richard A1 - Small, Kerrin S A1 - Soranzo, Nicole A1 - Timpson, Nicholas J A1 - Zeggini, Eleftheria KW - Anthropometry KW - Body Height KW - Cohort Studies KW - Databases, Genetic KW - DNA Methylation KW - Female KW - Genetic Variation KW - Genome, Human KW - Genome-Wide Association Study KW - Humans KW - Lipodystrophy KW - Male KW - Meta-Analysis as Topic KW - Obesity KW - Physical Chromosome Mapping KW - Quantitative Trait Loci KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Syndrome KW - United Kingdom AB -

Deep sequence-based imputation can enhance the discovery power of genome-wide association studies by assessing previously unexplored variation across the common- and low-frequency spectra. We applied a hybrid whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and deep imputation approach to examine the broader allelic architecture of 12 anthropometric traits associated with height, body mass, and fat distribution in up to 267,616 individuals. We report 106 genome-wide significant signals that have not been previously identified, including 9 low-frequency variants pointing to functional candidates. Of the 106 signals, 6 are in genomic regions that have not been implicated with related traits before, 28 are independent signals at previously reported regions, and 72 represent previously reported signals for a different anthropometric trait. 71% of signals reside within genes and fine mapping resolves 23 signals to one or two likely causal variants. We confirm genetic overlap between human monogenic and polygenic anthropometric traits and find signal enrichment in cis expression QTLs in relevant tissues. Our results highlight the potential of WGS strategies to enhance biologically relevant discoveries across the frequency spectrum.

VL - 100 IS - 6 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28552196?dopt=Abstract ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment. JF - Nature Y1 - 2016 A1 - Okbay, Aysu A1 - Beauchamp, Jonathan P A1 - Fontana, Mark Alan A1 - Lee, James J A1 - Pers, Tune H A1 - Rietveld, Cornelius A A1 - Turley, Patrick A1 - Chen, Guo-Bo A1 - Emilsson, Valur A1 - Meddens, S Fleur W A1 - Oskarsson, Sven A1 - Pickrell, Joseph K A1 - Thom, Kevin A1 - Timshel, Pascal A1 - de Vlaming, Ronald A1 - Abdellaoui, Abdel A1 - Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S A1 - Bacelis, Jonas A1 - Baumbach, Clemens A1 - Bjornsdottir, Gyda A1 - Brandsma, Johannes H A1 - Pina Concas, Maria A1 - Derringer, Jaime A1 - Furlotte, Nicholas A A1 - Galesloot, Tessel E A1 - Girotto, Giorgia A1 - Gupta, Richa A1 - Hall, Leanne M A1 - Harris, Sarah E A1 - Hofer, Edith A1 - Horikoshi, Momoko A1 - Huffman, Jennifer E A1 - Kaasik, Kadri A1 - Kalafati, Ioanna P A1 - Karlsson, Robert A1 - Kong, Augustine A1 - Lahti, Jari A1 - van der Lee, Sven J A1 - deLeeuw, Christiaan A1 - Lind, Penelope A A1 - Lindgren, Karl-Oskar A1 - Liu, Tian A1 - Mangino, Massimo A1 - Marten, Jonathan A1 - Mihailov, Evelin A1 - Miller, Michael B A1 - van der Most, Peter J A1 - Oldmeadow, Christopher A1 - Payton, Antony A1 - Pervjakova, Natalia A1 - Peyrot, Wouter J A1 - Qian, Yong A1 - Raitakari, Olli A1 - Rueedi, Rico A1 - Salvi, Erika A1 - Schmidt, Börge A1 - Schraut, Katharina E A1 - Shi, Jianxin A1 - Smith, Albert V A1 - Poot, Raymond A A1 - St Pourcain, Beate A1 - Teumer, Alexander A1 - Thorleifsson, Gudmar A1 - Verweij, Niek A1 - Vuckovic, Dragana A1 - Wellmann, Juergen A1 - Westra, Harm-Jan A1 - Yang, Jingyun A1 - Zhao, Wei A1 - Zhu, Zhihong A1 - Alizadeh, Behrooz Z A1 - Amin, Najaf A1 - Bakshi, Andrew A1 - Baumeister, Sebastian E A1 - Biino, Ginevra A1 - Bønnelykke, Klaus A1 - Boyle, Patricia A A1 - Campbell, Harry A1 - Cappuccio, Francesco P A1 - Davies, Gail A1 - De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel A1 - Deloukas, Panos A1 - Demuth, Ilja A1 - Ding, Jun A1 - Eibich, Peter A1 - Eisele, Lewin A1 - Eklund, Niina A1 - Evans, David M A1 - Faul, Jessica D A1 - Feitosa, Mary F A1 - Forstner, Andreas J A1 - Gandin, Ilaria A1 - Gunnarsson, Bjarni A1 - Halldórsson, Bjarni V A1 - Harris, Tamara B A1 - Heath, Andrew C A1 - Hocking, Lynne J A1 - Holliday, Elizabeth G A1 - Homuth, Georg A1 - Horan, Michael A A1 - Hottenga, Jouke-Jan A1 - de Jager, Philip L A1 - Joshi, Peter K A1 - Jugessur, Astanand A1 - Kaakinen, Marika A A1 - Kähönen, Mika A1 - Kanoni, Stavroula A1 - Keltigangas-Järvinen, Liisa A1 - Kiemeney, Lambertus A L M A1 - Kolcic, Ivana A1 - Koskinen, Seppo A1 - Kraja, Aldi T A1 - Kroh, Martin A1 - Kutalik, Zoltán A1 - Latvala, Antti A1 - Launer, Lenore J A1 - Lebreton, Maël P A1 - Levinson, Douglas F A1 - Lichtenstein, Paul A1 - Lichtner, Peter A1 - Liewald, David C M A1 - Loukola, Anu A1 - Madden, Pamela A A1 - Mägi, Reedik A1 - Mäki-Opas, Tomi A1 - Marioni, Riccardo E A1 - Marques-Vidal, Pedro A1 - Meddens, Gerardus A A1 - McMahon, George A1 - Meisinger, Christa A1 - Meitinger, Thomas A1 - Milaneschi, Yusplitri A1 - Milani, Lili A1 - Montgomery, Grant W A1 - Myhre, Ronny A1 - Nelson, Christopher P A1 - Nyholt, Dale R A1 - Ollier, William E R A1 - Palotie, Aarno A1 - Paternoster, Lavinia A1 - Pedersen, Nancy L A1 - Petrovic, Katja E A1 - Porteous, David J A1 - Räikkönen, Katri A1 - Ring, Susan M A1 - Robino, Antonietta A1 - Rostapshova, Olga A1 - Rudan, Igor A1 - Rustichini, Aldo A1 - Salomaa, Veikko A1 - Sanders, Alan R A1 - Sarin, Antti-Pekka A1 - Schmidt, Helena A1 - Scott, Rodney J A1 - Smith, Blair H A1 - Smith, Jennifer A A1 - Staessen, Jan A A1 - Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth A1 - Strauch, Konstantin A1 - Terracciano, Antonio A1 - Tobin, Martin D A1 - Ulivi, Sheila A1 - Vaccargiu, Simona A1 - Quaye, Lydia A1 - van Rooij, Frank J A A1 - Venturini, Cristina A1 - Vinkhuyzen, Anna A E A1 - Völker, Uwe A1 - Völzke, Henry A1 - Vonk, Judith M A1 - Vozzi, Diego A1 - Waage, Johannes A1 - Ware, Erin B A1 - Willemsen, Gonneke A1 - Attia, John R A1 - Bennett, David A A1 - Berger, Klaus A1 - Bertram, Lars A1 - Bisgaard, Hans A1 - Boomsma, Dorret I A1 - Borecki, Ingrid B A1 - Bültmann, Ute A1 - Chabris, Christopher F A1 - Cucca, Francesco A1 - Cusi, Daniele A1 - Deary, Ian J A1 - Dedoussis, George V A1 - van Duijn, Cornelia M A1 - Eriksson, Johan G A1 - Franke, Barbara A1 - Franke, Lude A1 - Gasparini, Paolo A1 - Gejman, Pablo V A1 - Gieger, Christian A1 - Grabe, Hans-Jörgen A1 - Gratten, Jacob A1 - Groenen, Patrick J F A1 - Gudnason, Vilmundur A1 - van der Harst, Pim A1 - Hayward, Caroline A1 - Hinds, David A A1 - Hoffmann, Wolfgang A1 - Hyppönen, Elina A1 - Iacono, William G A1 - Jacobsson, Bo A1 - Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta A1 - Jöckel, Karl-Heinz A1 - Kaprio, Jaakko A1 - Kardia, Sharon L R A1 - Lehtimäki, Terho A1 - Lehrer, Steven F A1 - Magnusson, Patrik K E A1 - Martin, Nicholas G A1 - McGue, Matt A1 - Metspalu, Andres A1 - Pendleton, Neil A1 - Penninx, Brenda W J H A1 - Perola, Markus A1 - Pirastu, Nicola A1 - Pirastu, Mario A1 - Polasek, Ozren A1 - Posthuma, Danielle A1 - Power, Christine A1 - Province, Michael A A1 - Samani, Nilesh J A1 - Schlessinger, David A1 - Schmidt, Reinhold A1 - Sørensen, Thorkild I A A1 - Spector, Tim D A1 - Stefansson, Kari A1 - Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur A1 - Thurik, A Roy A1 - Timpson, Nicholas J A1 - Tiemeier, Henning A1 - Tung, Joyce Y A1 - Uitterlinden, André G A1 - Vitart, Veronique A1 - Vollenweider, Peter A1 - Weir, David R A1 - Wilson, James F A1 - Wright, Alan F A1 - Conley, Dalton C A1 - Krueger, Robert F A1 - Davey Smith, George A1 - Hofman, Albert A1 - Laibson, David I A1 - Medland, Sarah E A1 - Meyer, Michelle N A1 - Yang, Jian A1 - Johannesson, Magnus A1 - Visscher, Peter M A1 - Esko, Tõnu A1 - Koellinger, Philipp D A1 - Cesarini, David A1 - Benjamin, Daniel J KW - Alzheimer Disease KW - Bipolar Disorder KW - Brain KW - Cognition KW - Computational Biology KW - Educational Status KW - Fetus KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Gene-Environment Interaction KW - Genome-Wide Association Study KW - Great Britain KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Annotation KW - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide KW - Schizophrenia AB -

Educational attainment is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for educational attainment that extends our earlier discovery sample of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication study in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with the number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioural phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because educational attainment is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases.

VL - 533 IS - 7604 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27225129?dopt=Abstract ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thirty new loci for age at menarche identified by a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. JF - Nat Genet Y1 - 2010 A1 - Elks, Cathy E A1 - Perry, John R B A1 - Sulem, Patrick A1 - Chasman, Daniel I A1 - Franceschini, Nora A1 - He, Chunyan A1 - Lunetta, Kathryn L A1 - Visser, Jenny A A1 - Byrne, Enda M A1 - Cousminer, Diana L A1 - Gudbjartsson, Daniel F A1 - Esko, Tõnu A1 - Feenstra, Bjarke A1 - Hottenga, Jouke-Jan A1 - Koller, Daniel L A1 - Kutalik, Zoltán A1 - Lin, Peng A1 - Mangino, Massimo A1 - Marongiu, Mara A1 - McArdle, Patrick F A1 - Smith, Albert V A1 - Stolk, Lisette A1 - van Wingerden, Sophie H A1 - Zhao, Jing Hua A1 - Albrecht, Eva A1 - Corre, Tanguy A1 - Ingelsson, Erik A1 - Hayward, Caroline A1 - Magnusson, Patrik K E A1 - Smith, Erin N A1 - Ulivi, Shelia A1 - Warrington, Nicole M A1 - Zgaga, Lina A1 - Alavere, Helen A1 - Amin, Najaf A1 - Aspelund, Thor A1 - Bandinelli, Stefania A1 - Barroso, Inês A1 - Berenson, Gerald S A1 - Bergmann, Sven A1 - Blackburn, Hannah A1 - Boerwinkle, Eric A1 - Buring, Julie E A1 - Busonero, Fabio A1 - Campbell, Harry A1 - Chanock, Stephen J A1 - Chen, Wei A1 - Cornelis, Marilyn C A1 - Couper, David A1 - Coviello, Andrea D A1 - d'Adamo, Pio A1 - de Faire, Ulf A1 - de Geus, Eco J C A1 - Deloukas, Panos A1 - Döring, Angela A1 - Smith, George Davey A1 - Easton, Douglas F A1 - Eiriksdottir, Gudny A1 - Emilsson, Valur A1 - Eriksson, Johan A1 - Ferrucci, Luigi A1 - Folsom, Aaron R A1 - Foroud, Tatiana A1 - Garcia, Melissa A1 - Gasparini, Paolo A1 - Geller, Frank A1 - Gieger, Christian A1 - Gudnason, Vilmundur A1 - Hall, Per A1 - Hankinson, Susan E A1 - Ferreli, Liana A1 - Heath, Andrew C A1 - Hernandez, Dena G A1 - Hofman, Albert A1 - Hu, Frank B A1 - Illig, Thomas A1 - Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta A1 - Johnson, Andrew D A1 - Karasik, David A1 - Khaw, Kay-Tee A1 - Kiel, Douglas P A1 - Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O A1 - Kolcic, Ivana A1 - Kraft, Peter A1 - Launer, Lenore J A1 - Laven, Joop S E A1 - Li, Shengxu A1 - Liu, Jianjun A1 - Levy, Daniel A1 - Martin, Nicholas G A1 - McArdle, Wendy L A1 - Melbye, Mads A1 - Mooser, Vincent A1 - Murray, Jeffrey C A1 - Murray, Sarah S A1 - Nalls, Michael A A1 - Navarro, Pau A1 - Nelis, Mari A1 - Ness, Andrew R A1 - Northstone, Kate A1 - Oostra, Ben A A1 - Peacock, Munro A1 - Palmer, Lyle J A1 - Palotie, Aarno A1 - Paré, Guillaume A1 - Parker, Alex N A1 - Pedersen, Nancy L A1 - Peltonen, Leena A1 - Pennell, Craig E A1 - Pharoah, Paul A1 - Polasek, Ozren A1 - Plump, Andrew S A1 - Pouta, Anneli A1 - Porcu, Eleonora A1 - Rafnar, Thorunn A1 - Rice, John P A1 - Ring, Susan M A1 - Rivadeneira, Fernando A1 - Rudan, Igor A1 - Sala, Cinzia A1 - Salomaa, Veikko A1 - Sanna, Serena A1 - Schlessinger, David A1 - Schork, Nicholas J A1 - Scuteri, Angelo A1 - Segrè, Ayellet V A1 - Shuldiner, Alan R A1 - Soranzo, Nicole A1 - Sovio, Ulla A1 - Srinivasan, Sathanur R A1 - Strachan, David P A1 - Tammesoo, Mar-Liis A1 - Tikkanen, Emmi A1 - Toniolo, Daniela A1 - Tsui, Kim A1 - Tryggvadottir, Laufey A1 - Tyrer, Jonathon A1 - Uda, Manuela A1 - van Dam, Rob M A1 - van Meurs, Joyce B J A1 - Vollenweider, Peter A1 - Waeber, Gerard A1 - Wareham, Nicholas J A1 - Waterworth, Dawn M A1 - Weedon, Michael N A1 - Wichmann, H Erich A1 - Willemsen, Gonneke A1 - Wilson, James F A1 - Wright, Alan F A1 - Young, Lauren A1 - Zhai, Guangju A1 - Zhuang, Wei Vivian A1 - Bierut, Laura J A1 - Boomsma, Dorret I A1 - Boyd, Heather A A1 - Crisponi, Laura A1 - Demerath, Ellen W A1 - van Duijn, Cornelia M A1 - Econs, Michael J A1 - Harris, Tamara B A1 - Hunter, David J A1 - Loos, Ruth J F A1 - Metspalu, Andres A1 - Montgomery, Grant W A1 - Ridker, Paul M A1 - Spector, Tim D A1 - Streeten, Elizabeth A A1 - Stefansson, Kari A1 - Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur A1 - Uitterlinden, André G A1 - Widen, Elisabeth A1 - Murabito, Joanne M A1 - Ong, Ken K A1 - Murray, Anna KW - Adolescent KW - Aging KW - Body Height KW - Body Size KW - Child KW - DNA Copy Number Variations KW - Female KW - Genetic Loci KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Genome-Wide Association Study KW - Humans KW - Inheritance Patterns KW - Menarche KW - Obesity KW - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide KW - Quantitative Trait Loci KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Time Factors AB -

To identify loci for age at menarche, we performed a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies in 87,802 women of European descent, with replication in up to 14,731 women. In addition to the known loci at LIN28B (P = 5.4 × 10⁻⁶⁰) and 9q31.2 (P = 2.2 × 10⁻³³), we identified 30 new menarche loci (all P < 5 × 10⁻⁸) and found suggestive evidence for a further 10 loci (P < 1.9 × 10⁻⁶). The new loci included four previously associated with body mass index (in or near FTO, SEC16B, TRA2B and TMEM18), three in or near other genes implicated in energy homeostasis (BSX, CRTC1 and MCHR2) and three in or near genes implicated in hormonal regulation (INHBA, PCSK2 and RXRG). Ingenuity and gene-set enrichment pathway analyses identified coenzyme A and fatty acid biosynthesis as biological processes related to menarche timing.

VL - 42 IS - 12 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21102462?dopt=Abstract ER -