TY - JOUR T1 - Ocular Manifestations of Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JF - J Crohns Colitis Y1 - 2018 A1 - Ottaviano, Giorgio A1 - Salvatore, Silvia A1 - Salvatoni, Alessandro A1 - Martelossi, Stefano A1 - Ventura, Alessandro A1 - Naviglio, Samuele KW - Adolescent KW - Cataract KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Colitis, Ulcerative KW - Crohn Disease KW - Eye Diseases KW - Humans KW - Prevalence KW - Uveitis AB -

Background and Aims: Ocular extraintestinal manifestations [O-EIMs] are known complications of Crohn's disease [CD], ulcerative colitis [UC], and inflammatory bowel disease unclassified [IBD-U]. However, data on their prevalence in children are scarce and there are no clear recommendations on what follow-up should be offered. We aimed to review available data on O-EIMs in children.

Methods: In January 2018, we performed a systematic review of published English literature using PubMed and EMBASE databases and disease-specific queries.

Results: Fifteen studies [7467 patients] reported data on O-EIMs prevalence in children. Overall prevalence of O-EIMs was 0.62-1.82%. Uveitis was the most common O-EIM. Meta-analysis showed that children with CD are at increased risk of O-EIMs as compared with children with UC and IBD-U (odds ratio [OR] 2.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51-4.83). Five studies [357 patients] reported data on ophthalmological screening in asymptomatic children: mild asymptomatic uveitis was identified in a variable proportion of patients [1.06-23.1%], more frequently in male patients with CD and colonic involvement. No evidence of ocular complications from untreated uveitis was detected. A total of 23 case reports [24 patients] were identified.

Conclusions: Data on O-EIMs in children are scarce. Prevalence of O-EIMs is lower than in adults but may be underestimated because of the possibility of asymptomatic uveitis; however, the long-term significance of this condition is unknown. Children with CD may be at increased risk of O-EIMs. No recommendations on routine ophthalmological examination can be made, but a low threshold for ophthalmological referral should be maintained. Larger studies in paediatric IBD populations are needed.

VL - 12 IS - 7 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29518184?dopt=Abstract ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ocular Involvement in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. JF - Inflamm Bowel Dis Y1 - 2017 A1 - Naviglio, Samuele A1 - Parentin, Fulvio A1 - Nider, Silvia A1 - Rassu, Nicolò A1 - Martelossi, Stefano A1 - Ventura, Alessandro KW - Adolescent KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Feces KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Inflammatory Bowel Diseases KW - Italy KW - Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex KW - Male KW - Remission Induction KW - Uveitis AB -

BACKGROUND: Data on ocular manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children are limited. Some authors have reported a high prevalence of asymptomatic uveitis, yet the significance of these observations is unknown and there are no recommendations on which ophthalmologic follow-up should be offered.

METHODS: Children with IBD seen at a single referral center for pediatric gastroenterology were offered ophthalmologic evaluation as part of routine care for their disease. Ophthalmologic evaluation included review of ocular history as well as slit-lamp and fundoscopic examination. Medical records were also reviewed for previous ophthalmologic diagnoses or complaints.

RESULTS: Data from 94 children were included (52 boys; median age 13.4 yr). Forty-six patients had a diagnosis of Crohn's disease, 46 ulcerative colitis, and 2 IBD unclassified. Intestinal disease was in clinical remission in 70% of the patients; fecal calprotectin was elevated in 64%. One patient with Crohn's disease had a previous diagnosis of clinically manifest uveitis (overall uveitis prevalence: 1.06%; incidence rate: 0.3 per 100 patient-years). This patient was also the only one who was found to have asymptomatic uveitis at slit-lamp examination. A second patient had posterior subcapsular cataract associated with corticosteroid treatment. No signs of intraocular complications from previous unrecognized uveitis were observed in any patient.

CONCLUSIONS: Children with IBD may have asymptomatic uveitis, yet its prevalence seems lower than previously reported, and it was not found in children without a previous diagnosis of clinically manifest uveitis. No ocular complications from prior unrecognized uveitis were observed.

VL - 23 IS - 6 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28328621?dopt=Abstract ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Orofacial granulomatosis in children: think about Crohn's disease. JF - Dig Liver Dis Y1 - 2015 A1 - Lazzerini, Marzia A1 - Martelossi, Stefano A1 - Cont, Gabriele A1 - Bersanini, Chiara A1 - Ventura, Giovanna A1 - Fontana, Massimo A1 - Zuin, Giovanna A1 - Ventura, Alessandro A1 - Taddio, Andrea KW - Adolescent KW - Biopsy KW - Child KW - Colonoscopy KW - Crohn Disease KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Female KW - Granulomatosis, Orofacial KW - Humans KW - Immunosuppressive Agents KW - Male KW - Thalidomide AB -

BACKGROUND: The term orofacial granulomatosis is conventionally used to describe patients with granulomatous lesions affecting the orofacial tissues, in absence of intestinal lesions. Lip swelling and facial swelling are the most common clinical signs. Despite the fact that histologically it is not distinguishable from Crohn's disease, and that both diseases have a chronic/recurrent course, the relationship between orofacial granulomatosis and Crohn's disease is still debated.

METHODS: Herein we present five cases of orofacial granulomatosis.

RESULTS: All patients presented concomitant Crohn's disease, supporting the hypothesis that orofacial granulomatosis and Crohn's disease may be one single disease. Thalidomide was effective in inducing remission of oral and intestinal symptoms in all five cases and could be considered a valid treatment opportunity for these patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Orofacial granulomatosis and Crohn's disease may be part of the same disease; both may respond to thalidomide.

VL - 47 IS - 4 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25618553?dopt=Abstract ER -