%0 Journal Article %J Clin Immunol %D 2018 %T Long term outcome of eight patients with type 1 Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD-1): Not only infections, but high risk of autoimmune complications. %A De Rose, Domenico Umberto %A Giliani, Silvia %A Notarangelo, Lucia Dora %A Lougaris, Vassilios %A Lanfranchi, Arnalda %A Moratto, Daniele %A Martire, Baldassarre %A Specchia, Fernando %A Tommasini, Alberto %A Plebani, Alessandro %A Badolato, Raffaele %X

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency type 1 (LAD-1) is a rare primary immunodeficiency due to mutations in the gene encoding for the common β-chain of the β2 integrin family (CD18). Herein, we describe clinical manifestations and long-term complications of eight LAD-1 patients. Four LAD-1 patients were treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), while the remaining four, including two with moderate LAD-1 deficiency, received continuous antibiotic prophylaxis. Untreated patients presented numerous infections and autoimmune manifestations. In particular, two of them developed renal and intestinal autoimmune diseases, despite the expression of Beta-2 integrin was partially conserved. Other two LAD-1 patients developed type 1 diabetes and autoimmune cytopenia after HSCT, suggesting that HSCT is effective for preventing infections in LAD-1, but does not prevent the risk of the autoimmune complications.

%B Clin Immunol %V 191 %P 75-80 %8 2018 Jun %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29548898?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.clim.2018.03.005 %0 Journal Article %J J Pediatr %D 2014 %T Clinical features and follow-up in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. %A Cancrini, Caterina %A Puliafito, Pamela %A Digilio, Maria Cristina %A Soresina, Annarosa %A Martino, Silvana %A Rondelli, Roberto %A Consolini, Rita %A Ruga, Ezia Maria %A Cardinale, Fabio %A Finocchi, Andrea %A Romiti, Maria Luisa %A Martire, Baldassarre %A Bacchetta, Rosa %A Albano, Veronica %A Carotti, Adriano %A Specchia, Fernando %A Montin, Davide %A Cirillo, Emilia %A Cocchi, Guido %A Trizzino, Antonino %A Bossi, Grazia %A Milanesi, Ornella %A Azzari, Chiara %A Corsello, Giovanni %A Pignata, Claudio %A Aiuti, Alessandro %A Pietrogrande, Maria Cristina %A Marino, Bruno %A Ugazio, Alberto Giovanni %A Plebani, Alessandro %A Rossi, Paolo %K Abnormalities, Multiple %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Age Factors %K Child %K Child, Preschool %K Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 %K Delayed Diagnosis %K Developmental Disabilities %K DiGeorge Syndrome %K Disease Progression %K Early Diagnosis %K Female %K Follow-Up Studies %K Genetic Testing %K Humans %K Infant %K Infant, Newborn %K Male %K Monitoring, Physiologic %K Prospective Studies %K Retrospective Studies %K Risk Assessment %K Severity of Illness Index %K Sex Factors %K Time Factors %K Young Adult %X

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical manifestations at diagnosis and during follow-up in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome to better define the natural history of the disease.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective and prospective multicenter study was conducted with 228 patients in the context of the Italian Network for Primary Immunodeficiencies. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by cytogenetic or molecular analysis.

RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 112 males and 116 females; median age at diagnosis was 4 months (range 0 to 36 years 10 months). The diagnosis was made before 2 years of age in 71% of patients, predominantly related to the presence of heart anomalies and neonatal hypocalcemia. In patients diagnosed after 2 years of age, clinical features such as speech and language impairment, developmental delay, minor cardiac defects, recurrent infections, and facial features were the main elements leading to diagnosis. During follow-up (available for 172 patients), the frequency of autoimmune manifestations (P = .015) and speech disorders (P = .002) increased. After a median follow-up of 43 months, the survival probability was 0.92 at 15 years from diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS: Our data show a delay in the diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome with noncardiac symptoms. This study provides guidelines for pediatricians and specialists for early identification of cases that can be confirmed by genetic testing, which would permit the provision of appropriate clinical management.

%B J Pediatr %V 164 %P 1475-80.e2 %8 2014 Jun %G eng %N 6 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24657119?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.01.056