%0 Journal Article %J Nature %D 2016 %T Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment. %A Okbay, Aysu %A Beauchamp, Jonathan P %A Fontana, Mark Alan %A Lee, James J %A Pers, Tune H %A Rietveld, Cornelius A %A Turley, Patrick %A Chen, Guo-Bo %A Emilsson, Valur %A Meddens, S Fleur W %A Oskarsson, Sven %A Pickrell, Joseph K %A Thom, Kevin %A Timshel, Pascal %A de Vlaming, Ronald %A Abdellaoui, Abdel %A Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S %A Bacelis, Jonas %A Baumbach, Clemens %A Bjornsdottir, Gyda %A Brandsma, Johannes H %A Pina Concas, Maria %A Derringer, Jaime %A Furlotte, Nicholas A %A Galesloot, Tessel E %A Girotto, Giorgia %A Gupta, Richa %A Hall, Leanne M %A Harris, Sarah E %A Hofer, Edith %A Horikoshi, Momoko %A Huffman, Jennifer E %A Kaasik, Kadri %A Kalafati, Ioanna P %A Karlsson, Robert %A Kong, Augustine %A Lahti, Jari %A van der Lee, Sven J %A deLeeuw, Christiaan %A Lind, Penelope A %A Lindgren, Karl-Oskar %A Liu, Tian %A Mangino, Massimo %A Marten, Jonathan %A Mihailov, Evelin %A Miller, Michael B %A van der Most, Peter J %A Oldmeadow, Christopher %A Payton, Antony %A Pervjakova, Natalia %A Peyrot, Wouter J %A Qian, Yong %A Raitakari, Olli %A Rueedi, Rico %A Salvi, Erika %A Schmidt, Börge %A Schraut, Katharina E %A Shi, Jianxin %A Smith, Albert V %A Poot, Raymond A %A St Pourcain, Beate %A Teumer, Alexander %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Verweij, Niek %A Vuckovic, Dragana %A Wellmann, Juergen %A Westra, Harm-Jan %A Yang, Jingyun %A Zhao, Wei %A Zhu, Zhihong %A Alizadeh, Behrooz Z %A Amin, Najaf %A Bakshi, Andrew %A Baumeister, Sebastian E %A Biino, Ginevra %A Bønnelykke, Klaus %A Boyle, Patricia A %A Campbell, Harry %A Cappuccio, Francesco P %A Davies, Gail %A De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel %A Deloukas, Panos %A Demuth, Ilja %A Ding, Jun %A Eibich, Peter %A Eisele, Lewin %A Eklund, Niina %A Evans, David M %A Faul, Jessica D %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Forstner, Andreas J %A Gandin, Ilaria %A Gunnarsson, Bjarni %A Halldórsson, Bjarni V %A Harris, Tamara B %A Heath, Andrew C %A Hocking, Lynne J %A Holliday, Elizabeth G %A Homuth, Georg %A Horan, Michael A %A Hottenga, Jouke-Jan %A de Jager, Philip L %A Joshi, Peter K %A Jugessur, Astanand %A Kaakinen, Marika A %A Kähönen, Mika %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Keltigangas-Järvinen, Liisa %A Kiemeney, Lambertus A L M %A Kolcic, Ivana %A Koskinen, Seppo %A Kraja, Aldi T %A Kroh, Martin %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A Latvala, Antti %A Launer, Lenore J %A Lebreton, Maël P %A Levinson, Douglas F %A Lichtenstein, Paul %A Lichtner, Peter %A Liewald, David C M %A Loukola, Anu %A Madden, Pamela A %A Mägi, Reedik %A Mäki-Opas, Tomi %A Marioni, Riccardo E %A Marques-Vidal, Pedro %A Meddens, Gerardus A %A McMahon, George %A Meisinger, Christa %A Meitinger, Thomas %A Milaneschi, Yusplitri %A Milani, Lili %A Montgomery, Grant W %A Myhre, Ronny %A Nelson, Christopher P %A Nyholt, Dale R %A Ollier, William E R %A Palotie, Aarno %A Paternoster, Lavinia %A Pedersen, Nancy L %A Petrovic, Katja E %A Porteous, David J %A Räikkönen, Katri %A Ring, Susan M %A Robino, Antonietta %A Rostapshova, Olga %A Rudan, Igor %A Rustichini, Aldo %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Sanders, Alan R %A Sarin, Antti-Pekka %A Schmidt, Helena %A Scott, Rodney J %A Smith, Blair H %A Smith, Jennifer A %A Staessen, Jan A %A Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Terracciano, Antonio %A Tobin, Martin D %A Ulivi, Sheila %A Vaccargiu, Simona %A Quaye, Lydia %A van Rooij, Frank J A %A Venturini, Cristina %A Vinkhuyzen, Anna A E %A Völker, Uwe %A Völzke, Henry %A Vonk, Judith M %A Vozzi, Diego %A Waage, Johannes %A Ware, Erin B %A Willemsen, Gonneke %A Attia, John R %A Bennett, David A %A Berger, Klaus %A Bertram, Lars %A Bisgaard, Hans %A Boomsma, Dorret I %A Borecki, Ingrid B %A Bültmann, Ute %A Chabris, Christopher F %A Cucca, Francesco %A Cusi, Daniele %A Deary, Ian J %A Dedoussis, George V %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Eriksson, Johan G %A Franke, Barbara %A Franke, Lude %A Gasparini, Paolo %A Gejman, Pablo V %A Gieger, Christian %A Grabe, Hans-Jörgen %A Gratten, Jacob %A Groenen, Patrick J F %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A van der Harst, Pim %A Hayward, Caroline %A Hinds, David A %A Hoffmann, Wolfgang %A Hyppönen, Elina %A Iacono, William G %A Jacobsson, Bo %A Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta %A Jöckel, Karl-Heinz %A Kaprio, Jaakko %A Kardia, Sharon L R %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Lehrer, Steven F %A Magnusson, Patrik K E %A Martin, Nicholas G %A McGue, Matt %A Metspalu, Andres %A Pendleton, Neil %A Penninx, Brenda W J H %A Perola, Markus %A Pirastu, Nicola %A Pirastu, Mario %A Polasek, Ozren %A Posthuma, Danielle %A Power, Christine %A Province, Michael A %A Samani, Nilesh J %A Schlessinger, David %A Schmidt, Reinhold %A Sørensen, Thorkild I A %A Spector, Tim D %A Stefansson, Kari %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Thurik, A Roy %A Timpson, Nicholas J %A Tiemeier, Henning %A Tung, Joyce Y %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Vitart, Veronique %A Vollenweider, Peter %A Weir, David R %A Wilson, James F %A Wright, Alan F %A Conley, Dalton C %A Krueger, Robert F %A Davey Smith, George %A Hofman, Albert %A Laibson, David I %A Medland, Sarah E %A Meyer, Michelle N %A Yang, Jian %A Johannesson, Magnus %A Visscher, Peter M %A Esko, Tõnu %A Koellinger, Philipp D %A Cesarini, David %A Benjamin, Daniel J %K Alzheimer Disease %K Bipolar Disorder %K Brain %K Cognition %K Computational Biology %K Educational Status %K Fetus %K Gene Expression Regulation %K Gene-Environment Interaction %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Great Britain %K Humans %K Molecular Sequence Annotation %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Schizophrenia %X

Educational attainment is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for educational attainment that extends our earlier discovery sample of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication study in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with the number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioural phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because educational attainment is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases.

%B Nature %V 533 %P 539-42 %8 2016 May 26 %G eng %N 7604 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27225129?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/nature17671 %0 Journal Article %J Nature %D 2015 %T Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology. %A Locke, Adam E %A Kahali, Bratati %A Berndt, Sonja I %A Justice, Anne E %A Pers, Tune H %A Day, Felix R %A Powell, Corey %A Vedantam, Sailaja %A Buchkovich, Martin L %A Yang, Jian %A Croteau-Chonka, Damien C %A Esko, Tõnu %A Fall, Tove %A Ferreira, Teresa %A Gustafsson, Stefan %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A Luan, Jian'an %A Mägi, Reedik %A Randall, Joshua C %A Winkler, Thomas W %A Wood, Andrew R %A Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie %A Faul, Jessica D %A Smith, Jennifer A %A Hua Zhao, Jing %A Zhao, Wei %A Chen, Jin %A Fehrmann, Rudolf %A Hedman, Åsa K %A Karjalainen, Juha %A Schmidt, Ellen M %A Absher, Devin %A Amin, Najaf %A Anderson, Denise %A Beekman, Marian %A Bolton, Jennifer L %A Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L %A Buyske, Steven %A Demirkan, Ayse %A Deng, Guohong %A Ehret, Georg B %A Feenstra, Bjarke %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Fischer, Krista %A Goel, Anuj %A Gong, Jian %A Jackson, Anne U %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Kleber, Marcus E %A Kristiansson, Kati %A Lim, Unhee %A Lotay, Vaneet %A Mangino, Massimo %A Mateo Leach, Irene %A Medina-Gomez, Carolina %A Medland, Sarah E %A Nalls, Michael A %A Palmer, Cameron D %A Pasko, Dorota %A Pechlivanis, Sonali %A Peters, Marjolein J %A Prokopenko, Inga %A Shungin, Dmitry %A Stančáková, Alena %A Strawbridge, Rona J %A Ju Sung, Yun %A Tanaka, Toshiko %A Teumer, Alexander %A Trompet, Stella %A van der Laan, Sander W %A van Setten, Jessica %A Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V %A Wang, Zhaoming %A Yengo, Loic %A Zhang, Weihua %A Isaacs, Aaron %A Albrecht, Eva %A Arnlöv, Johan %A Arscott, Gillian M %A Attwood, Antony P %A Bandinelli, Stefania %A Barrett, Amy %A Bas, Isabelita N %A Bellis, Claire %A Bennett, Amanda J %A Berne, Christian %A Blagieva, Roza %A Blüher, Matthias %A Böhringer, Stefan %A Bonnycastle, Lori L %A Böttcher, Yvonne %A Boyd, Heather A %A Bruinenberg, Marcel %A Caspersen, Ida H %A Ida Chen, Yii-Der %A Clarke, Robert %A Daw, E Warwick %A de Craen, Anton J M %A Delgado, Graciela %A Dimitriou, Maria %A Doney, Alex S F %A Eklund, Niina %A Estrada, Karol %A Eury, Elodie %A Folkersen, Lasse %A Fraser, Ross M %A Garcia, Melissa E %A Geller, Frank %A Giedraitis, Vilmantas %A Gigante, Bruna %A Go, Alan S %A Golay, Alain %A Goodall, Alison H %A Gordon, Scott D %A Gorski, Mathias %A Grabe, Hans-Jörgen %A Grallert, Harald %A Grammer, Tanja B %A Gräßler, Jürgen %A Grönberg, Henrik %A Groves, Christopher J %A Gusto, Gaëlle %A Haessler, Jeffrey %A Hall, Per %A Haller, Toomas %A Hallmans, Goran %A Hartman, Catharina A %A Hassinen, Maija %A Hayward, Caroline %A Heard-Costa, Nancy L %A Helmer, Quinta %A Hengstenberg, Christian %A Holmen, Oddgeir %A Hottenga, Jouke-Jan %A James, Alan L %A Jeff, Janina M %A Johansson, Åsa %A Jolley, Jennifer %A Juliusdottir, Thorhildur %A Kinnunen, Leena %A Koenig, Wolfgang %A Koskenvuo, Markku %A Kratzer, Wolfgang %A Laitinen, Jaana %A Lamina, Claudia %A Leander, Karin %A Lee, Nanette R %A Lichtner, Peter %A Lind, Lars %A Lindström, Jaana %A Sin Lo, Ken %A Lobbens, Stéphane %A Lorbeer, Roberto %A Lu, Yingchang %A Mach, François %A Magnusson, Patrik K E %A Mahajan, Anubha %A McArdle, Wendy L %A McLachlan, Stela %A Menni, Cristina %A Merger, Sigrun %A Mihailov, Evelin %A Milani, Lili %A Moayyeri, Alireza %A Monda, Keri L %A Morken, Mario A %A Mulas, Antonella %A Müller, Gabriele %A Müller-Nurasyid, Martina %A Musk, Arthur W %A Nagaraja, Ramaiah %A Nöthen, Markus M %A Nolte, Ilja M %A Pilz, Stefan %A Rayner, Nigel W %A Renstrom, Frida %A Rettig, Rainer %A Ried, Janina S %A Ripke, Stephan %A Robertson, Neil R %A Rose, Lynda M %A Sanna, Serena %A Scharnagl, Hubert %A Scholtens, Salome %A Schumacher, Fredrick R %A Scott, William R %A Seufferlein, Thomas %A Shi, Jianxin %A Vernon Smith, Albert %A Smolonska, Joanna %A Stanton, Alice V %A Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur %A Stirrups, Kathleen %A Stringham, Heather M %A Sundström, Johan %A Swertz, Morris A %A Swift, Amy J %A Syvänen, Ann-Christine %A Tan, Sian-Tsung %A Tayo, Bamidele O %A Thorand, Barbara %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Tyrer, Jonathan P %A Uh, Hae-Won %A Vandenput, Liesbeth %A Verhulst, Frank C %A Vermeulen, Sita H %A Verweij, Niek %A Vonk, Judith M %A Waite, Lindsay L %A Warren, Helen R %A Waterworth, Dawn %A Weedon, Michael N %A Wilkens, Lynne R %A Willenborg, Christina %A Wilsgaard, Tom %A Wojczynski, Mary K %A Wong, Andrew %A Wright, Alan F %A Zhang, Qunyuan %A Brennan, Eoin P %A Choi, Murim %A Dastani, Zari %A Drong, Alexander W %A Eriksson, Per %A Franco-Cereceda, Anders %A Gådin, Jesper R %A Gharavi, Ali G %A Goddard, Michael E %A Handsaker, Robert E %A Huang, Jinyan %A Karpe, Fredrik %A Kathiresan, Sekar %A Keildson, Sarah %A Kiryluk, Krzysztof %A Kubo, Michiaki %A Lee, Jong-Young %A Liang, Liming %A Lifton, Richard P %A Ma, Baoshan %A McCarroll, Steven A %A McKnight, Amy J %A Min, Josine L %A Moffatt, Miriam F %A Montgomery, Grant W %A Murabito, Joanne M %A Nicholson, George %A Nyholt, Dale R %A Okada, Yukinori %A Perry, John R B %A Dorajoo, Rajkumar %A Reinmaa, Eva %A Salem, Rany M %A Sandholm, Niina %A Scott, Robert A %A Stolk, Lisette %A Takahashi, Atsushi %A Tanaka, Toshihiro %A Van't Hooft, Ferdinand M %A Vinkhuyzen, Anna A E %A Westra, Harm-Jan %A Zheng, Wei %A Zondervan, Krina T %A Heath, Andrew C %A Arveiler, Dominique %A Bakker, Stephan J L %A Beilby, John %A Bergman, Richard N %A Blangero, John %A Bovet, Pascal %A Campbell, Harry %A Caulfield, Mark J %A Cesana, Giancarlo %A Chakravarti, Aravinda %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Chines, Peter S %A Collins, Francis S %A Crawford, Dana C %A Cupples, L Adrienne %A Cusi, Daniele %A Danesh, John %A de Faire, Ulf %A den Ruijter, Hester M %A Dominiczak, Anna F %A Erbel, Raimund %A Erdmann, Jeanette %A Eriksson, Johan G %A Farrall, Martin %A Felix, Stephan B %A Ferrannini, Ele %A Ferrières, Jean %A Ford, Ian %A Forouhi, Nita G %A Forrester, Terrence %A Franco, Oscar H %A Gansevoort, Ron T %A Gejman, Pablo V %A Gieger, Christian %A Gottesman, Omri %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Gyllensten, Ulf %A Hall, Alistair S %A Harris, Tamara B %A Hattersley, Andrew T %A Hicks, Andrew A %A Hindorff, Lucia A %A Hingorani, Aroon D %A Hofman, Albert %A Homuth, Georg %A Hovingh, G Kees %A Humphries, Steve E %A Hunt, Steven C %A Hyppönen, Elina %A Illig, Thomas %A Jacobs, Kevin B %A Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta %A Jöckel, Karl-Heinz %A Johansen, Berit %A Jousilahti, Pekka %A Jukema, J Wouter %A Jula, Antti M %A Kaprio, Jaakko %A Kastelein, John J P %A Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M %A Kiemeney, Lambertus A %A Knekt, Paul %A Kooner, Jaspal S %A Kooperberg, Charles %A Kovacs, Peter %A Kraja, Aldi T %A Kumari, Meena %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Lakka, Timo A %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Le Marchand, Loic %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Lyssenko, Valeriya %A Männistö, Satu %A Marette, André %A Matise, Tara C %A McKenzie, Colin A %A McKnight, Barbara %A Moll, Frans L %A Morris, Andrew D %A Morris, Andrew P %A Murray, Jeffrey C %A Nelis, Mari %A Ohlsson, Claes %A Oldehinkel, Albertine J %A Ong, Ken K %A Madden, Pamela A F %A Pasterkamp, Gerard %A Peden, John F %A Peters, Annette %A Postma, Dirkje S %A Pramstaller, Peter P %A Price, Jackie F %A Qi, Lu %A Raitakari, Olli T %A Rankinen, Tuomo %A Rao, D C %A Rice, Treva K %A Ridker, Paul M %A Rioux, John D %A Ritchie, Marylyn D %A Rudan, Igor %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Samani, Nilesh J %A Saramies, Jouko %A Sarzynski, Mark A %A Schunkert, Heribert %A Schwarz, Peter E H %A Sever, Peter %A Shuldiner, Alan R %A Sinisalo, Juha %A Stolk, Ronald P %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Tönjes, Anke %A Trégouët, David-Alexandre %A Tremblay, Angelo %A Tremoli, Elena %A Virtamo, Jarmo %A Vohl, Marie-Claude %A Völker, Uwe %A Waeber, Gerard %A Willemsen, Gonneke %A Witteman, Jacqueline C %A Zillikens, M Carola %A Adair, Linda S %A Amouyel, Philippe %A Asselbergs, Folkert W %A Assimes, Themistocles L %A Bochud, Murielle %A Boehm, Bernhard O %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Bornstein, Stefan R %A Bottinger, Erwin P %A Bouchard, Claude %A Cauchi, Stéphane %A Chambers, John C %A Chanock, Stephen J %A Cooper, Richard S %A de Bakker, Paul I W %A Dedoussis, George %A Ferrucci, Luigi %A Franks, Paul W %A Froguel, Philippe %A Groop, Leif C %A Haiman, Christopher A %A Hamsten, Anders %A Hui, Jennie %A Hunter, David J %A Hveem, Kristian %A Kaplan, Robert C %A Kivimaki, Mika %A Kuh, Diana %A Laakso, Markku %A Liu, Yongmei %A Martin, Nicholas G %A März, Winfried %A Melbye, Mads %A Metspalu, Andres %A Moebus, Susanne %A Munroe, Patricia B %A Njølstad, Inger %A Oostra, Ben A %A Palmer, Colin N A %A Pedersen, Nancy L %A Perola, Markus %A Pérusse, Louis %A Peters, Ulrike %A Power, Chris %A Quertermous, Thomas %A Rauramaa, Rainer %A Rivadeneira, Fernando %A Saaristo, Timo E %A Saleheen, Danish %A Sattar, Naveed %A Schadt, Eric E %A Schlessinger, David %A Slagboom, P Eline %A Snieder, Harold %A Spector, Tim D %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Stumvoll, Michael %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Uusitupa, Matti %A van der Harst, Pim %A Walker, Mark %A Wallaschofski, Henri %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Watkins, Hugh %A Weir, David R %A Wichmann, H-Erich %A Wilson, James F %A Zanen, Pieter %A Borecki, Ingrid B %A Deloukas, Panos %A Fox, Caroline S %A Heid, Iris M %A O'Connell, Jeffrey R %A Strachan, David P %A Stefansson, Kari %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Abecasis, Goncalo R %A Franke, Lude %A Frayling, Timothy M %A McCarthy, Mark I %A Visscher, Peter M %A Scherag, André %A Willer, Cristen J %A Boehnke, Michael %A Mohlke, Karen L %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Beckmann, Jacques S %A Barroso, Inês %A North, Kari E %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Hirschhorn, Joel N %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Speliotes, Elizabeth K %K Adipogenesis %K Adiposity %K Age Factors %K Body Mass Index %K Continental Population Groups %K Energy Metabolism %K Europe %K Female %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Glutamic Acid %K Humans %K Insulin %K Male %K Obesity %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Quantitative Trait Loci %K Synapses %X

Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.

%B Nature %V 518 %P 197-206 %8 2015 Feb 12 %G eng %N 7538 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25673413?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/nature14177 %0 Journal Article %J Nature %D 2015 %T New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution. %A Shungin, Dmitry %A Winkler, Thomas W %A Croteau-Chonka, Damien C %A Ferreira, Teresa %A Locke, Adam E %A Mägi, Reedik %A Strawbridge, Rona J %A Pers, Tune H %A Fischer, Krista %A Justice, Anne E %A Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie %A Wu, Joseph M W %A Buchkovich, Martin L %A Heard-Costa, Nancy L %A Roman, Tamara S %A Drong, Alexander W %A Song, Ci %A Gustafsson, Stefan %A Day, Felix R %A Esko, Tõnu %A Fall, Tove %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A Luan, Jian'an %A Randall, Joshua C %A Scherag, André %A Vedantam, Sailaja %A Wood, Andrew R %A Chen, Jin %A Fehrmann, Rudolf %A Karjalainen, Juha %A Kahali, Bratati %A Liu, Ching-Ti %A Schmidt, Ellen M %A Absher, Devin %A Amin, Najaf %A Anderson, Denise %A Beekman, Marian %A Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L %A Buyske, Steven %A Demirkan, Ayse %A Ehret, Georg B %A Feitosa, Mary F %A Goel, Anuj %A Jackson, Anne U %A Johnson, Toby %A Kleber, Marcus E %A Kristiansson, Kati %A Mangino, Massimo %A Mateo Leach, Irene %A Medina-Gomez, Carolina %A Palmer, Cameron D %A Pasko, Dorota %A Pechlivanis, Sonali %A Peters, Marjolein J %A Prokopenko, Inga %A Stančáková, Alena %A Ju Sung, Yun %A Tanaka, Toshiko %A Teumer, Alexander %A Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V %A Yengo, Loic %A Zhang, Weihua %A Albrecht, Eva %A Arnlöv, Johan %A Arscott, Gillian M %A Bandinelli, Stefania %A Barrett, Amy %A Bellis, Claire %A Bennett, Amanda J %A Berne, Christian %A Blüher, Matthias %A Böhringer, Stefan %A Bonnet, Fabrice %A Böttcher, Yvonne %A Bruinenberg, Marcel %A Carba, Delia B %A Caspersen, Ida H %A Clarke, Robert %A Daw, E Warwick %A Deelen, Joris %A Deelman, Ewa %A Delgado, Graciela %A Doney, Alex S F %A Eklund, Niina %A Erdos, Michael R %A Estrada, Karol %A Eury, Elodie %A Friedrich, Nele %A Garcia, Melissa E %A Giedraitis, Vilmantas %A Gigante, Bruna %A Go, Alan S %A Golay, Alain %A Grallert, Harald %A Grammer, Tanja B %A Gräßler, Jürgen %A Grewal, Jagvir %A Groves, Christopher J %A Haller, Toomas %A Hallmans, Goran %A Hartman, Catharina A %A Hassinen, Maija %A Hayward, Caroline %A Heikkilä, Kauko %A Herzig, Karl-Heinz %A Helmer, Quinta %A Hillege, Hans L %A Holmen, Oddgeir %A Hunt, Steven C %A Isaacs, Aaron %A Ittermann, Till %A James, Alan L %A Johansson, Ingegerd %A Juliusdottir, Thorhildur %A Kalafati, Ioanna-Panagiota %A Kinnunen, Leena %A Koenig, Wolfgang %A Kooner, Ishminder K %A Kratzer, Wolfgang %A Lamina, Claudia %A Leander, Karin %A Lee, Nanette R %A Lichtner, Peter %A Lind, Lars %A Lindström, Jaana %A Lobbens, Stéphane %A Lorentzon, Mattias %A Mach, François %A Magnusson, Patrik K E %A Mahajan, Anubha %A McArdle, Wendy L %A Menni, Cristina %A Merger, Sigrun %A Mihailov, Evelin %A Milani, Lili %A Mills, Rebecca %A Moayyeri, Alireza %A Monda, Keri L %A Mooijaart, Simon P %A Mühleisen, Thomas W %A Mulas, Antonella %A Müller, Gabriele %A Müller-Nurasyid, Martina %A Nagaraja, Ramaiah %A Nalls, Michael A %A Narisu, Narisu %A Glorioso, Nicola %A Nolte, Ilja M %A Olden, Matthias %A Rayner, Nigel W %A Renstrom, Frida %A Ried, Janina S %A Robertson, Neil R %A Rose, Lynda M %A Sanna, Serena %A Scharnagl, Hubert %A Scholtens, Salome %A Sennblad, Bengt %A Seufferlein, Thomas %A Sitlani, Colleen M %A Vernon Smith, Albert %A Stirrups, Kathleen %A Stringham, Heather M %A Sundström, Johan %A Swertz, Morris A %A Swift, Amy J %A Syvänen, Ann-Christine %A Tayo, Bamidele O %A Thorand, Barbara %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Tomaschitz, Andreas %A Troffa, Chiara %A van Oort, Floor V A %A Verweij, Niek %A Vonk, Judith M %A Waite, Lindsay L %A Wennauer, Roman %A Wilsgaard, Tom %A Wojczynski, Mary K %A Wong, Andrew %A Zhang, Qunyuan %A Hua Zhao, Jing %A Brennan, Eoin P %A Choi, Murim %A Eriksson, Per %A Folkersen, Lasse %A Franco-Cereceda, Anders %A Gharavi, Ali G %A Hedman, Åsa K %A Hivert, Marie-France %A Huang, Jinyan %A Kanoni, Stavroula %A Karpe, Fredrik %A Keildson, Sarah %A Kiryluk, Krzysztof %A Liang, Liming %A Lifton, Richard P %A Ma, Baoshan %A McKnight, Amy J %A McPherson, Ruth %A Metspalu, Andres %A Min, Josine L %A Moffatt, Miriam F %A Montgomery, Grant W %A Murabito, Joanne M %A Nicholson, George %A Nyholt, Dale R %A Olsson, Christian %A Perry, John R B %A Reinmaa, Eva %A Salem, Rany M %A Sandholm, Niina %A Schadt, Eric E %A Scott, Robert A %A Stolk, Lisette %A Vallejo, Edgar E %A Westra, Harm-Jan %A Zondervan, Krina T %A Amouyel, Philippe %A Arveiler, Dominique %A Bakker, Stephan J L %A Beilby, John %A Bergman, Richard N %A Blangero, John %A Brown, Morris J %A Burnier, Michel %A Campbell, Harry %A Chakravarti, Aravinda %A Chines, Peter S %A Claudi-Boehm, Simone %A Collins, Francis S %A Crawford, Dana C %A Danesh, John %A de Faire, Ulf %A de Geus, Eco J C %A Dörr, Marcus %A Erbel, Raimund %A Eriksson, Johan G %A Farrall, Martin %A Ferrannini, Ele %A Ferrières, Jean %A Forouhi, Nita G %A Forrester, Terrence %A Franco, Oscar H %A Gansevoort, Ron T %A Gieger, Christian %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Haiman, Christopher A %A Harris, Tamara B %A Hattersley, Andrew T %A Heliövaara, Markku %A Hicks, Andrew A %A Hingorani, Aroon D %A Hoffmann, Wolfgang %A Hofman, Albert %A Homuth, Georg %A Humphries, Steve E %A Hyppönen, Elina %A Illig, Thomas %A Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta %A Johansen, Berit %A Jousilahti, Pekka %A Jula, Antti M %A Kaprio, Jaakko %A Kee, Frank %A Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M %A Kooner, Jaspal S %A Kooperberg, Charles %A Kovacs, Peter %A Kraja, Aldi T %A Kumari, Meena %A Kuulasmaa, Kari %A Kuusisto, Johanna %A Lakka, Timo A %A Langenberg, Claudia %A Le Marchand, Loic %A Lehtimäki, Terho %A Lyssenko, Valeriya %A Männistö, Satu %A Marette, André %A Matise, Tara C %A McKenzie, Colin A %A McKnight, Barbara %A Musk, Arthur W %A Möhlenkamp, Stefan %A Morris, Andrew D %A Nelis, Mari %A Ohlsson, Claes %A Oldehinkel, Albertine J %A Ong, Ken K %A Palmer, Lyle J %A Penninx, Brenda W %A Peters, Annette %A Pramstaller, Peter P %A Raitakari, Olli T %A Rankinen, Tuomo %A Rao, D C %A Rice, Treva K %A Ridker, Paul M %A Ritchie, Marylyn D %A Rudan, Igor %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Samani, Nilesh J %A Saramies, Jouko %A Sarzynski, Mark A %A Schwarz, Peter E H %A Shuldiner, Alan R %A Staessen, Jan A %A Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur %A Stolk, Ronald P %A Strauch, Konstantin %A Tönjes, Anke %A Tremblay, Angelo %A Tremoli, Elena %A Vohl, Marie-Claude %A Völker, Uwe %A Vollenweider, Peter %A Wilson, James F %A Witteman, Jacqueline C %A Adair, Linda S %A Bochud, Murielle %A Boehm, Bernhard O %A Bornstein, Stefan R %A Bouchard, Claude %A Cauchi, Stéphane %A Caulfield, Mark J %A Chambers, John C %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Cooper, Richard S %A Dedoussis, George %A Ferrucci, Luigi %A Froguel, Philippe %A Grabe, Hans-Jörgen %A Hamsten, Anders %A Hui, Jennie %A Hveem, Kristian %A Jöckel, Karl-Heinz %A Kivimaki, Mika %A Kuh, Diana %A Laakso, Markku %A Liu, Yongmei %A März, Winfried %A Munroe, Patricia B %A Njølstad, Inger %A Oostra, Ben A %A Palmer, Colin N A %A Pedersen, Nancy L %A Perola, Markus %A Pérusse, Louis %A Peters, Ulrike %A Power, Chris %A Quertermous, Thomas %A Rauramaa, Rainer %A Rivadeneira, Fernando %A Saaristo, Timo E %A Saleheen, Danish %A Sinisalo, Juha %A Slagboom, P Eline %A Snieder, Harold %A Spector, Tim D %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Stumvoll, Michael %A Tuomilehto, Jaakko %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Uusitupa, Matti %A van der Harst, Pim %A Veronesi, Giovanni %A Walker, Mark %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Watkins, Hugh %A Wichmann, H-Erich %A Abecasis, Goncalo R %A Assimes, Themistocles L %A Berndt, Sonja I %A Boehnke, Michael %A Borecki, Ingrid B %A Deloukas, Panos %A Franke, Lude %A Frayling, Timothy M %A Groop, Leif C %A Hunter, David J %A Kaplan, Robert C %A O'Connell, Jeffrey R %A Qi, Lu %A Schlessinger, David %A Strachan, David P %A Stefansson, Kari %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Willer, Cristen J %A Visscher, Peter M %A Yang, Jian %A Hirschhorn, Joel N %A Zillikens, M Carola %A McCarthy, Mark I %A Speliotes, Elizabeth K %A North, Kari E %A Fox, Caroline S %A Barroso, Inês %A Franks, Paul W %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Heid, Iris M %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Cupples, L Adrienne %A Morris, Andrew P %A Lindgren, Cecilia M %A Mohlke, Karen L %K Adipocytes %K Adipogenesis %K Adipose Tissue %K Age Factors %K Body Fat Distribution %K Body Mass Index %K Continental Population Groups %K Epigenesis, Genetic %K Europe %K Female %K Genome, Human %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Humans %K Insulin %K Insulin Resistance %K Male %K Models, Biological %K Neovascularization, Physiologic %K Obesity %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Quantitative Trait Loci %K Sex Characteristics %K Transcription, Genetic %K Waist-Hip Ratio %X

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.

%B Nature %V 518 %P 187-96 %8 2015 Feb 12 %G eng %N 7538 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25673412?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/nature14132