%0 Journal Article %J Nature %D 2014 %T Parent-of-origin-specific allelic associations among 106 genomic loci for age at menarche. %A Perry, John R B %A Day, Felix %A Elks, Cathy E %A Sulem, Patrick %A Thompson, Deborah J %A Ferreira, Teresa %A He, Chunyan %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Esko, Tõnu %A Thorleifsson, Gudmar %A Albrecht, Eva %A Ang, Wei Q %A Corre, Tanguy %A Cousminer, Diana L %A Feenstra, Bjarke %A Franceschini, Nora %A Ganna, Andrea %A Johnson, Andrew D %A Kjellqvist, Sanela %A Lunetta, Kathryn L %A McMahon, George %A Nolte, Ilja M %A Paternoster, Lavinia %A Porcu, Eleonora %A Smith, Albert V %A Stolk, Lisette %A Teumer, Alexander %A Tšernikova, Natalia %A Tikkanen, Emmi %A Ulivi, Sheila %A Wagner, Erin K %A Amin, Najaf %A Bierut, Laura J %A Byrne, Enda M %A Hottenga, Jouke-Jan %A Koller, Daniel L %A Mangino, Massimo %A Pers, Tune H %A Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M %A Hua Zhao, Jing %A Andrulis, Irene L %A Anton-Culver, Hoda %A Atsma, Femke %A Bandinelli, Stefania %A Beckmann, Matthias W %A Benitez, Javier %A Blomqvist, Carl %A Bojesen, Stig E %A Bolla, Manjeet K %A Bonanni, Bernardo %A Brauch, Hiltrud %A Brenner, Hermann %A Buring, Julie E %A Chang-Claude, Jenny %A Chanock, Stephen %A Chen, Jinhui %A Chenevix-Trench, Georgia %A Collée, J Margriet %A Couch, Fergus J %A Couper, David %A Coviello, Andrea D %A Cox, Angela %A Czene, Kamila %A d'Adamo, Adamo Pio %A Davey Smith, George %A De Vivo, Immaculata %A Demerath, Ellen W %A Dennis, Joe %A Devilee, Peter %A Dieffenbach, Aida K %A Dunning, Alison M %A Eiriksdottir, Gudny %A Eriksson, Johan G %A Fasching, Peter A %A Ferrucci, Luigi %A Flesch-Janys, Dieter %A Flyger, Henrik %A Foroud, Tatiana %A Franke, Lude %A Garcia, Melissa E %A García-Closas, Montserrat %A Geller, Frank %A de Geus, Eco E J %A Giles, Graham G %A Gudbjartsson, Daniel F %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Guenel, Pascal %A Guo, Suiqun %A Hall, Per %A Hamann, Ute %A Haring, Robin %A Hartman, Catharina A %A Heath, Andrew C %A Hofman, Albert %A Hooning, Maartje J %A Hopper, John L %A Hu, Frank B %A Hunter, David J %A Karasik, David %A Kiel, Douglas P %A Knight, Julia A %A Kosma, Veli-Matti %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A Lai, Sandra %A Lambrechts, Diether %A Lindblom, Annika %A Mägi, Reedik %A Magnusson, Patrik K %A Mannermaa, Arto %A Martin, Nicholas G %A Masson, Gisli %A McArdle, Patrick F %A McArdle, Wendy L %A Melbye, Mads %A Michailidou, Kyriaki %A Mihailov, Evelin %A Milani, Lili %A Milne, Roger L %A Nevanlinna, Heli %A Neven, Patrick %A Nohr, Ellen A %A Oldehinkel, Albertine J %A Oostra, Ben A %A Palotie, Aarno %A Peacock, Munro %A Pedersen, Nancy L %A Peterlongo, Paolo %A Peto, Julian %A Pharoah, Paul D P %A Postma, Dirkje S %A Pouta, Anneli %A Pylkäs, Katri %A Radice, Paolo %A Ring, Susan %A Rivadeneira, Fernando %A Robino, Antonietta %A Rose, Lynda M %A Rudolph, Anja %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Sanna, Serena %A Schlessinger, David %A Schmidt, Marjanka K %A Southey, Mellissa C %A Sovio, Ulla %A Stampfer, Meir J %A Stöckl, Doris %A Storniolo, Anna M %A Timpson, Nicholas J %A Tyrer, Jonathan %A Visser, Jenny A %A Vollenweider, Peter %A Völzke, Henry %A Waeber, Gerard %A Waldenberger, Melanie %A Wallaschofski, Henri %A Wang, Qin %A Willemsen, Gonneke %A Winqvist, Robert %A Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H R %A Wright, Margaret J %A Boomsma, Dorret I %A Econs, Michael J %A Khaw, Kay-Tee %A Loos, Ruth J F %A McCarthy, Mark I %A Montgomery, Grant W %A Rice, John P %A Streeten, Elizabeth A %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Alizadeh, Behrooz Z %A Bergmann, Sven %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Boyd, Heather A %A Crisponi, Laura %A Gasparini, Paolo %A Gieger, Christian %A Harris, Tamara B %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta %A Kraft, Peter %A Lawlor, Debbie %A Metspalu, Andres %A Pennell, Craig E %A Ridker, Paul M %A Snieder, Harold %A Sørensen, Thorkild I A %A Spector, Tim D %A Strachan, David P %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Widen, Elisabeth %A Zygmunt, Marek %A Murray, Anna %A Easton, Douglas F %A Stefansson, Kari %A Murabito, Joanne M %A Ong, Ken K %K Adolescent %K Age Factors %K Alleles %K Body Mass Index %K Breast Neoplasms %K Cardiovascular Diseases %K Child %K Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 %K Europe %K Female %K Genetic Loci %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Genomic Imprinting %K Humans %K Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System %K Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins %K Male %K Membrane Proteins %K Menarche %K Obesity %K Ovary %K Parents %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain %K Proteins %K Quantitative Trait Loci %K Receptors, GABA-B %K Receptors, Retinoic Acid %K Ribonucleoproteins %X

Age at menarche is a marker of timing of puberty in females. It varies widely between individuals, is a heritable trait and is associated with risks for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and all-cause mortality. Studies of rare human disorders of puberty and animal models point to a complex hypothalamic-pituitary-hormonal regulation, but the mechanisms that determine pubertal timing and underlie its links to disease risk remain unclear. Here, using genome-wide and custom-genotyping arrays in up to 182,416 women of European descent from 57 studies, we found robust evidence (P < 5 × 10(-8)) for 123 signals at 106 genomic loci associated with age at menarche. Many loci were associated with other pubertal traits in both sexes, and there was substantial overlap with genes implicated in body mass index and various diseases, including rare disorders of puberty. Menarche signals were enriched in imprinted regions, with three loci (DLK1-WDR25, MKRN3-MAGEL2 and KCNK9) demonstrating parent-of-origin-specific associations concordant with known parental expression patterns. Pathway analyses implicated nuclear hormone receptors, particularly retinoic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid-B2 receptor signalling, among novel mechanisms that regulate pubertal timing in humans. Our findings suggest a genetic architecture involving at least hundreds of common variants in the coordinated timing of the pubertal transition.

%B Nature %V 514 %P 92-7 %8 2014 Oct 2 %G eng %N 7520 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25231870?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/nature13545 %0 Journal Article %J Nat Genet %D 2010 %T Thirty new loci for age at menarche identified by a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. %A Elks, Cathy E %A Perry, John R B %A Sulem, Patrick %A Chasman, Daniel I %A Franceschini, Nora %A He, Chunyan %A Lunetta, Kathryn L %A Visser, Jenny A %A Byrne, Enda M %A Cousminer, Diana L %A Gudbjartsson, Daniel F %A Esko, Tõnu %A Feenstra, Bjarke %A Hottenga, Jouke-Jan %A Koller, Daniel L %A Kutalik, Zoltán %A Lin, Peng %A Mangino, Massimo %A Marongiu, Mara %A McArdle, Patrick F %A Smith, Albert V %A Stolk, Lisette %A van Wingerden, Sophie H %A Zhao, Jing Hua %A Albrecht, Eva %A Corre, Tanguy %A Ingelsson, Erik %A Hayward, Caroline %A Magnusson, Patrik K E %A Smith, Erin N %A Ulivi, Shelia %A Warrington, Nicole M %A Zgaga, Lina %A Alavere, Helen %A Amin, Najaf %A Aspelund, Thor %A Bandinelli, Stefania %A Barroso, Inês %A Berenson, Gerald S %A Bergmann, Sven %A Blackburn, Hannah %A Boerwinkle, Eric %A Buring, Julie E %A Busonero, Fabio %A Campbell, Harry %A Chanock, Stephen J %A Chen, Wei %A Cornelis, Marilyn C %A Couper, David %A Coviello, Andrea D %A d'Adamo, Pio %A de Faire, Ulf %A de Geus, Eco J C %A Deloukas, Panos %A Döring, Angela %A Smith, George Davey %A Easton, Douglas F %A Eiriksdottir, Gudny %A Emilsson, Valur %A Eriksson, Johan %A Ferrucci, Luigi %A Folsom, Aaron R %A Foroud, Tatiana %A Garcia, Melissa %A Gasparini, Paolo %A Geller, Frank %A Gieger, Christian %A Gudnason, Vilmundur %A Hall, Per %A Hankinson, Susan E %A Ferreli, Liana %A Heath, Andrew C %A Hernandez, Dena G %A Hofman, Albert %A Hu, Frank B %A Illig, Thomas %A Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta %A Johnson, Andrew D %A Karasik, David %A Khaw, Kay-Tee %A Kiel, Douglas P %A Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O %A Kolcic, Ivana %A Kraft, Peter %A Launer, Lenore J %A Laven, Joop S E %A Li, Shengxu %A Liu, Jianjun %A Levy, Daniel %A Martin, Nicholas G %A McArdle, Wendy L %A Melbye, Mads %A Mooser, Vincent %A Murray, Jeffrey C %A Murray, Sarah S %A Nalls, Michael A %A Navarro, Pau %A Nelis, Mari %A Ness, Andrew R %A Northstone, Kate %A Oostra, Ben A %A Peacock, Munro %A Palmer, Lyle J %A Palotie, Aarno %A Paré, Guillaume %A Parker, Alex N %A Pedersen, Nancy L %A Peltonen, Leena %A Pennell, Craig E %A Pharoah, Paul %A Polasek, Ozren %A Plump, Andrew S %A Pouta, Anneli %A Porcu, Eleonora %A Rafnar, Thorunn %A Rice, John P %A Ring, Susan M %A Rivadeneira, Fernando %A Rudan, Igor %A Sala, Cinzia %A Salomaa, Veikko %A Sanna, Serena %A Schlessinger, David %A Schork, Nicholas J %A Scuteri, Angelo %A Segrè, Ayellet V %A Shuldiner, Alan R %A Soranzo, Nicole %A Sovio, Ulla %A Srinivasan, Sathanur R %A Strachan, David P %A Tammesoo, Mar-Liis %A Tikkanen, Emmi %A Toniolo, Daniela %A Tsui, Kim %A Tryggvadottir, Laufey %A Tyrer, Jonathon %A Uda, Manuela %A van Dam, Rob M %A van Meurs, Joyce B J %A Vollenweider, Peter %A Waeber, Gerard %A Wareham, Nicholas J %A Waterworth, Dawn M %A Weedon, Michael N %A Wichmann, H Erich %A Willemsen, Gonneke %A Wilson, James F %A Wright, Alan F %A Young, Lauren %A Zhai, Guangju %A Zhuang, Wei Vivian %A Bierut, Laura J %A Boomsma, Dorret I %A Boyd, Heather A %A Crisponi, Laura %A Demerath, Ellen W %A van Duijn, Cornelia M %A Econs, Michael J %A Harris, Tamara B %A Hunter, David J %A Loos, Ruth J F %A Metspalu, Andres %A Montgomery, Grant W %A Ridker, Paul M %A Spector, Tim D %A Streeten, Elizabeth A %A Stefansson, Kari %A Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur %A Uitterlinden, André G %A Widen, Elisabeth %A Murabito, Joanne M %A Ong, Ken K %A Murray, Anna %K Adolescent %K Aging %K Body Height %K Body Size %K Child %K DNA Copy Number Variations %K Female %K Genetic Loci %K Genetic Predisposition to Disease %K Genome-Wide Association Study %K Humans %K Inheritance Patterns %K Menarche %K Obesity %K Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide %K Quantitative Trait Loci %K Reproducibility of Results %K Time Factors %X

To identify loci for age at menarche, we performed a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies in 87,802 women of European descent, with replication in up to 14,731 women. In addition to the known loci at LIN28B (P = 5.4 × 10⁻⁶⁰) and 9q31.2 (P = 2.2 × 10⁻³³), we identified 30 new menarche loci (all P < 5 × 10⁻⁸) and found suggestive evidence for a further 10 loci (P < 1.9 × 10⁻⁶). The new loci included four previously associated with body mass index (in or near FTO, SEC16B, TRA2B and TMEM18), three in or near other genes implicated in energy homeostasis (BSX, CRTC1 and MCHR2) and three in or near genes implicated in hormonal regulation (INHBA, PCSK2 and RXRG). Ingenuity and gene-set enrichment pathway analyses identified coenzyme A and fatty acid biosynthesis as biological processes related to menarche timing.

%B Nat Genet %V 42 %P 1077-85 %8 2010 Dec %G eng %N 12 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21102462?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1038/ng.714