<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wolfler, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calderoni, Edoardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ottonello, Giancarlo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conti, Giorgio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baroncini, Simonetta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santuz, Pierantonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vitale, Pasquale</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salvo, Ida</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SISPE Study Group</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daily practice of mechanical ventilation in Italian pediatric intensive care units: a prospective survey.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pediatr Crit Care Med</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pediatr Crit Care Med</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clinical Protocols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intensive Care Units, Pediatric</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intubation, Intratracheal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prospective Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Respiration, Artificial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Respiratory Insufficiency</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011 Mar</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">141-6</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;OBJECTIVES: &lt;/b&gt;To assess how children requiring endotracheal intubation are mechanically ventilated in Italian pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;DESIGN: &lt;/b&gt;A prospective, national, observational, multicenter, 6-month study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;SETTING: &lt;/b&gt;Eighteen medical-surgical PICUs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;PATIENTS: &lt;/b&gt;A total of 1943 consecutive children, aged 0-16 yrs, admitted between November 1, 2006 and April 30, 2007.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;INTERVENTIONS: &lt;/b&gt;None.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Data on cause of respiratory failure, length of mechanical ventilation (MV), mode of ventilation, use of specific interventions were recorded for all children requiring endotracheal intubation for &gt;24 hrs. Children were stratified for age, type of patient, and cause of respiratory failure. A total of 956 (49.2%) patients required MV via an endotracheal tube; 673 (34.6%) were ventilated for &gt;24 hrs. The median length of MV was 4.5 days for all patients. If postoperative patients were excluded, the median time was 5 days. Bronchiolitis (6.7%), pneumonia (6.7%), and upper airway obstruction (5.3%) were the most frequent causes of acute respiratory failure, and altered mental status (9.2%) was the most frequent reason for MV. The overall mortality was 6.7% with highest rates for heart disease (nonoperative), sepsis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (26.1%, 22.2%, and 16.7% respectively). Length of stay, associated chronic disease, severity score on admission, and PICU mortality were significantly higher in children who received MV (p &lt; .05) than in children who did not. Controlled MV and pressure support ventilation + synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation were the most frequently used modes of ventilatory assistance during PICU stay.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;Mechanical ventilation is frequently used in Italian PICUs with almost one child of two requiring endotracheal intubation. Children treated with MV represent a more severe category of patients than children who are breathing spontaneously. Describing the standard care and how MV is performed in children can be useful for future clinical studies.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20351615?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>