<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Di Sabatino, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giuffrida, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fornasa, Giulia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salvatore, Chiara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanoli, Alessandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naviglio, Samuele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Leo, Luigina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pasini, Alessandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Amici, Mara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alvisi, Costanza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Not, Tarcisio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rescigno, Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corazza, Gino Roberto</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Innate and adaptive immunity in self-reported nonceliac gluten sensitivity versus celiac disease.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dig Liver Dis</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dig Liver Dis</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016 Jul</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">745-52</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;Immune mechanisms have been implicated in nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), a condition characterized by intestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms caused by the ingestion of gluten in non-celiac/non-wheat allergic individuals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;AIMS: &lt;/b&gt;We investigated innate and adaptive immunity in self-reported NCGS versus celiac disease (CD).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;In the supernatants of ex vivo-cultured duodenal biopsies from 14 self-reported NCGS patients, 9 untreated and 10 treated CD patients, and 12 controls we detected innate cytokines - interleukin (IL)-15, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-23, IL-27, IL-32α, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IFN-α-, adaptive cytokines - interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-17A, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13-, chemokines - IL-8, CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL10-, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Mucosal innate and adaptive cytokines, chemokines and growth factors did not differ between self-reported NCGS, treated CD and controls. On the contrary, IL-6, IL-15, IL-27, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-23, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-8, CCL1 and CCL4 were significantly higher in untreated CD than in self-reported NCGS, treated CD and controls, while TSLP was significantly lower in untreated CD than in self-reported NCGS, treated CD and controls.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/b&gt;In our hands, patients with self-reported NCGS showed no abnormalities of the mucosal immune response.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27130911?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>