<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clarici, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pellizzoni, Sandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guaschino, Secondo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alberico, Salvatore</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bembich, Stefano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giuliani, Rosella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Short, Antonia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guarino, Giuseppina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Panksepp, Jaak</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intranasal adminsitration of oxytocin in postnatal depression: implications for psychodynamic psychotherapy from a randomized double-blind pilot study.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Front Psychol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Front Psychol</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">426</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Oxytocin is a neuropeptide that is active in the central nervous system and is generally considered to be involved in prosocial behaviors and feelings. In light of its documented positive effect on maternal behavior, we designed a study to ascertain whether oxytocin exerts any therapeutic effects on depressive symptoms in women affected by maternal postnatal depression. A group of 16 mothers were recruited in a randomized double-blind study: the women agreed to take part in a brief course of psychoanalytic psychotherapy (12 sessions, once a week) while also being administered, during the 12-weeks period, a daily dose of intranasal oxytocin (or a placebo). The pre-treatment evaluation also included a personality assessment of the major primary-process emotional command systems described by Panksepp () and a semi-quantitative assessment by the therapist of the mother's depressive symptoms and of her personality. No significant effect on depressive symptomatology was found following the administration of oxytocin (as compared to a placebo) during the period of psychotherapy. Nevertheless, a personality trait evaluation of the mothers, conducted in our overall sample group, showed a decrease in the narcissistic trait only within the group who took oxytocin. The depressive (dysphoric) trait was in fact significantly affected by psychotherapy (this effect was only present in the placebo group so it may reflect a positive placebo effect enhancing the favorable influence of psychotherapy on depressive symptoms) but not in the presence of oxytocin. Therefore, the neuropeptide would appear to play some role in the modulation of cerebral functions involved in the self-centered (narcissistic) dimension of the suffering that can occur with postnatal depression. Based on these results, there was support for our hypothesis that what is generally defined as postnatal depression may include disturbances of narcissistic affective balance, and oxytocin supplementation can counteract that type of affective disturbance. The resulting improvements in well-being, reflected in better self-centering in post-partuent mothers, may in turn facilitate better interpersonal acceptance of (and interactions with) the child and thereby, improved recognition of the child's needs.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25941501?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tripani, Antonella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pellizzoni, Sandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giuliani, Rosella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bembich, Stefano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clarici, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lonciari, Isabella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ammaniti, Massimo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRE- AND POSTNATAL MODIFICATIONS IN PARENTAL MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS IN THREE CASES OF FETAL GASTROSCHISIS DIAGNOSED DURING PREGNANCY.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant Ment Health J</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant Ment Health J</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015 Nov 10</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENG</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The aim of this study was to identify possible effects of gastroschisis on parents' intrapsychic dynamics by applying an observational clinical approach. More specifically, we intend to (a) evaluate the representational style of parents informed about the diagnosis of fetal gastroschisis during pregnancy using the Interview of Maternal Representations During Pregnancy and the Interview of Paternal Representations During Pregnancy (M. Ammaniti, C. Candelori, M. Pola, &amp; R. Tambelli, ) and (b) observe whether the baby's birth influences the parents' representational styles through the application of the same tools (the Interview of Maternal Representations After the Birth, M. Ammaniti &amp; R. Tambelli, , and the Interview of Paternal Representations After the Birth, M. Ammaniti &amp; R. Tambelli, ), adapted to the postnatal period. During the prenatal period, all parents showed a restricted/disinvested style. Three parents-one mother and two fathers-changed their styles from restricted/disinvested to integrated between pregnancy and Month 6 after the birth of their child. Clinical data from the interviews and observations are discussed in an attempt at better defining intrapsychic dynamics of parents after a diagnosis of gastroschisis.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26554534?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pascazio, Lorenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bembich, Stefano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nardone, Ilaria B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vecchiet, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guarino, Giuseppina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clarici, Andrea</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Validation of the Italian translation of the affective neuroscience personality scales.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychol Rep</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychol Rep</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Affect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged, 80 and over</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neurosciences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Personality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Personality Inventory</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychometrics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015 Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">116</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97-115</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The theoretical perspective on affective neuroscience advanced by Panksepp, identified six basic innate affective systems: the SEEK, FEAR, ANGER, SADNESS, PLAY, and CARE systems. (3) It has been proposed that the fundamental elements of human personality and its variants may be based on the different expressions of these basic emotional systems and their combinations. A self-report inventory, the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS), has been devised with the aim of studying and evaluating personality from this perspective. This study reports data on the initial validation of ANPS Italian translation on a sample of 418 adult participants. Descriptive statistics for each scale were calculated, assessing also their internal consistency, as a measure of reliability and factorial validity. Acceptable internal consistency was found in all but one scale (SADNESS), and a second-order factor analysis identified a more general affective feature of personality hinging on relational characteristics, independent of the dimensions of general positive and negative affect.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25621669?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bembich, Stefano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clarici, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vecchiet, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baldassi, Giulio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cont, Gabriele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Demarini, Sergio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Differences in time course activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex associated with low or high risk choices in a gambling task.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Front Hum Neurosci</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Front Hum Neurosci</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">464</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Prefrontal cortex plays an important role in decision making (DM), supporting choices in the ordinary uncertainty of everyday life. To assess DM in an unpredictable situation, a playing card task, such as the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), has been proposed. This task is supposed to specifically test emotion-based learning, linked to the integrity of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). However, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has demonstrated a role in IGT performance too. Our aim was to study, by multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy, the contribution of DLPFC to the IGT execution over time. We tested the hypothesis that low and high risk choices would differentially activate DLPFC, as IGT execution progressed. We enrolled 11 healthy adults. To identify DLPFC activation associated with IGT choices, we compared regional differences in oxy-hemoglobin variation, from baseline to the event. The time course of task execution was divided in four periods, each one consisting of 25 choices, and DLPFC activation was distinctly analyzed for low and high risk choices in each period. We found different time courses in DLPFC activation, associated with low or high risk choices. During the first period, a significant DLPFC activation emerged with low risk choices, whereas, during the second period, we found a cortical activation with high risk choices. Then, DLPFC activation decreased to non-significant levels during the third and fourth period. This study shows that DLPFC involvement in IGT execution is differentiated over time and according to choice risk level. DLPFC is activated only in the first half of the task, earlier by low risk and later by high risk choices. We speculate that DLPFC may sustain initial and more cognitive functions, such as attention shifting and response inhibition. The lack of DLPFC activation, as the task progresses, may be due to VMPFC activation, not detectable by fNIRS, which takes over the IGT execution in its second half.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25009486?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giuliani, Rosella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tripani, Antonella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pellizzoni, Sandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clarici, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lonciari, Isabella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D'Ottavio, Giuseppina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schleef, Jurgen</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pregnancy and postpartum following a prenatal diagnosis of fetal thoracoabdominal malformation: the parental perspective.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Pediatr Surg</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Pediatr. Surg.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Case-Control Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Counseling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hernia, Diaphragmatic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydronephrosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kidney Diseases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Longitudinal Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Musculoskeletal Abnormalities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pregnancy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychological Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stress, Psychological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ultrasonography, Prenatal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urogenital Abnormalities</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014 Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">353-8</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;PURPOSE: &lt;/b&gt;The study's aim was to evaluate how information related to a prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformation could modify parenthood experience descriptions during pregnancy and after the child's birth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;A longitudinal case-control clinical study was conducted. Data on parenthood experience descriptions collected using a validated semantic differential technique during pregnancy and after the child's birth were compared between seven couples of parents receiving a prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformation and seven couples without any fetal diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Our results show that during pregnancy parents in the clinical group describe themselves as more fragile, passive, and timid [p=0.007] than those in the control group. On the other hand, after the child's birth, there are no significant differences between groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;Data are discussed with reference to better knowledge of the psychological dynamics involved in becoming a parent and to rational planning of support for parents receiving a diagnosis of fetal malformation.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24528985?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bembich, Stefano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oretti, Chiara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Travan, Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clarici, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Massaccesi, Stefano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Demarini, Sergio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of prone and supine position on cerebral blood flow in preterm infants.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Pediatr</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Pediatr.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerebrovascular Circulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Premature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prone Position</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regional Blood Flow</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Supine Position</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012 Jan</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">160</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">162-4</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We evaluated the effect of prone and supine position on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in stable preterm infants. CBF, PO(2), and PCO(2) were measured in the two positions. Peripheral oxygenation increased and CBF decreased in prone position. We speculate that CBF autoregulation may compensate for increased peripheral oxygenation, by decreasing CBF.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22000305?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bembich, Stefano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Demarini, Sergio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clarici, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Massaccesi, Stefano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasso, Domenico Loenardo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Non-invasive assessment of hemispheric language dominance by optical topography during a brief passive listening test: a pilot study.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Med Sci Monit</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Med. Sci. Monit.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acoustic Stimulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerebrum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dominance, Cerebral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Language</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxyhemoglobins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pilot Projects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011 Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CR692-7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;The Wada test is usually used for pre-surgical assessment of language lateralization. Considering its invasiveness and risk of complications, alternative methods have been proposed but they are not always applicable to non-cooperative patients. In this study we explored the possibility of using optical topography (OT)--a multichannel near-infrared system--for non-invasive assessment of hemispheric language dominance during passive listening.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;MATERIAL/METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;Cortical activity was monitored in a sample of healthy, adult Italian native speakers, all right-handed. We assessed changes in oxy-haemoglobin concentration in temporal, parietal and posterior frontal lobes during a passive listening of bi-syllabic words and vowel-consonant-vowel syllables lasting less then 3 minutes. Activated channels were identified by t tests.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Left hemisphere showed significant activity only during the passive listening of bi-syllabic words. Specifically, the superior temporal gyrus, the supramarginal gyrus and the posterior inferior parietal lobe were activated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;During passive listening of bi-syllabic words, right handed healthy adults showed a significant activation in areas already known to be involved in speech comprehension. Although more research is needed, OT proved to be a promising alternative to the Wada test for non-invasive assessment of hemispheric language lateralization, even if using a particularly brief trial, which has been designed for future applications with non-cooperative subjects.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22129900?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bembich, Stefano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lanzara, Carmela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clarici, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Demarini, Sergio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tepper, Beverly J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gasparini, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasso, Domenico L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Individual differences in prefrontal cortex activity during perception of bitter taste using fNIRS methodology.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chem Senses</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chem. Senses</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eating</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food Preferences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Individuality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenotype</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prefrontal Cortex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Propylthiouracil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sodium Chloride</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taste</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taste Threshold</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 Nov</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">801-12</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Although bitter taste has a crucial role in nutrition by preventing the ingestion of toxic foods, there are few studies on bitter taste neuroimaging. To identify cortical areas involved in bitter taste perception and to determine if individual differences in taste sensitivity to 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) are represented in the brain by different cortical activation patterns, we examined 48 healthy volunteers using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Participants rated the perceived intensity of filter paper disks impregnated with PROP and NaCl during the imaging procedure and were then classified as PROP tasters and nontasters. We monitored cortical activity in both the anterior and posterior regions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). No activity was detected in the anterior DLPFC in any of the participants. However, during the administration of PROP, significant cortical activation was detected in the more posterior regions of the left DLPFC and in the left and right VLPFC but only in PROP tasters. PROP nontasters showed no cortical activity in these areas. These data suggest that the prefrontal cortex is involved in the conscious perception of the bitter taste of PROP and that the pattern of activity is consistent with individual differences in the ability to taste this compound. Thus, the PROP phenotype is associated with fundamental differences in cortical taste processing.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20801896?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>