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Myron</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bis, Joshua C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franke, Lude</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franco, Oscar H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benjamin, Emelia J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chasman, Daniel I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dupuis, Josée</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snieder, Harold</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehghan, Abbas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alizadeh, Behrooz Z</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LifeLines Cohort Study</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHARGE Inflammation Working Group</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome Analyses of &gt;200,000 Individuals Identify 58 Loci for Chronic Inflammation and Highlight Pathways that Link Inflammation and Complex Disorders.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Hum Genet</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am. J. Hum. Genet.</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018 Nov 01</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">103</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">691-706</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive biomarker of chronic low-grade inflammation and is associated with multiple complex diseases. The genetic determinants of chronic inflammation remain largely unknown, and the causal role of CRP in several clinical outcomes is debated. We performed two genome-wide association studies (GWASs), on HapMap and 1000 Genomes imputed data, of circulating amounts of CRP by using data from 88 studies comprising 204,402 European individuals. Additionally, we performed in silico functional analyses and Mendelian randomization analyses with several clinical outcomes. The GWAS meta-analyses of CRP revealed 58 distinct genetic loci (p &lt; 5 × 10). After adjustment for body mass index in the regression analysis, the associations at all except three loci remained. The lead variants at the distinct loci explained up to 7.0% of the variance in circulating amounts of CRP. We identified 66 gene sets that were organized in two substantially correlated clusters, one mainly composed of immune pathways and the other characterized by metabolic pathways in the liver. Mendelian randomization analyses revealed a causal protective effect of CRP on schizophrenia and a risk-increasing effect on bipolar disorder. Our findings provide further insights into the biology of inflammation and could lead to interventions for treating inflammation and its clinical consequences.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30388399?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Day, Felix R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thompson, Deborah J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helgason, Hannes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chasman, Daniel I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finucane, Hilary</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulem, Patrick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruth, Katherine S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whalen, Sean</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarkar, Abhishek K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albrecht, Eva</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Altmaier, Elisabeth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amini, Marzyeh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbieri, Caterina M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boutin, Thibaud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campbell, Archie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Demerath, Ellen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giri, Ayush</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Chunyan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hottenga, Jouke J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karlsson, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kolcic, Ivana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loh, Po-Ru</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lunetta, Kathryn L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mangino, Massimo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marco, Brumat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McMahon, George</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medland, Sarah E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nolte, Ilja M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Noordam, Raymond</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nutile, Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paternoster, Lavinia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perjakova, Natalia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porcu, Eleonora</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rose, Lynda M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schraut, Katharina E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Segrè, Ayellet V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Albert V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stolk, Lisette</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teumer, Alexander</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrulis, Irene L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bandinelli, Stefania</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beckmann, Matthias W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benitez, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergmann, Sven</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bochud, Murielle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boerwinkle, Eric</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bojesen, Stig E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bolla, Manjeet K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brand, Judith S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brauch, Hiltrud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brenner, Hermann</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Broer, Linda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brüning, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buring, Julie E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campbell, Harry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catamo, Eulalia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chanock, Stephen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chenevix-Trench, Georgia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corre, Tanguy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Couch, Fergus J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cousminer, Diana L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cox, Angela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crisponi, Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Czene, Kamila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davey Smith, George</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Geus, Eco J C N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Mutsert, Renée</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Vivo, Immaculata</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dennis, Joe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Devilee, Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dunning, Alison M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eriksson, Johan G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fasching, Peter A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández-Rhodes, Lindsay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferrucci, Luigi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flesch-Janys, Dieter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franke, Lude</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabrielson, Marike</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gandin, Ilaria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giles, Graham G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grallert, Harald</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gudbjartsson, Daniel F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guenel, Pascal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hall, Per</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hallberg, Emily</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamann, Ute</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harris, Tamara B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hartman, Catharina A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heiss, Gerardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hooning, Maartje J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopper, John L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hu, Frank</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hunter, David J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ikram, M Arfan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Im, Hae Kyung</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joshi, Peter K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karasik, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kellis, Manolis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kutalik, Zoltán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LaChance, Genevieve</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lambrechts, Diether</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Langenberg, Claudia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Launer, Lenore J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laven, Joop S E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lenarduzzi, Stefania</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, Jingmei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lind, Penelope A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lindström, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, Yongmei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luan, Jian'an</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mägi, Reedik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mannermaa, Arto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mbarek, Hamdi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McCarthy, Mark I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meisinger, Christa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meitinger, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menni, Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metspalu, Andres</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michailidou, Kyriaki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milani, Lili</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milne, Roger L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montgomery, Grant W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mulligan, Anna M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nalls, Mike A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Navarro, Pau</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nevanlinna, Heli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nyholt, Dale R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oldehinkel, Albertine J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O'Mara, Tracy A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Padmanabhan, Sandosh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palotie, Aarno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedersen, Nancy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peters, Annette</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peto, Julian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharoah, Paul D P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pouta, Anneli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radice, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rahman, Iffat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ring, Susan M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robino, Antonietta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosendaal, Frits R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rudan, Igor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rueedi, Rico</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruggiero, Daniela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sala, Cinzia F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmidt, Marjanka K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott, Robert A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shah, Mitul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sorice, Rossella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Southey, Melissa C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sovio, Ulla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stampfer, Meir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steri, Maristella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Strauch, Konstantin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tanaka, Toshiko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tikkanen, Emmi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Timpson, Nicholas J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Traglia, Michela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Truong, Therese</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tyrer, Jonathan P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uitterlinden, André G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edwards, Digna R Velez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vitart, Veronique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Völker, Uwe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vollenweider, Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Qin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Widen, Elisabeth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Dijk, Ko Willems</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Willemsen, Gonneke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winqvist, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhao, Jing Hua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zoledziewska, Magdalena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zygmunt, Marek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alizadeh, Behrooz Z</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boomsma, Dorret I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ciullo, Marina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cucca, Francesco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esko, Tõnu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franceschini, Nora</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gieger, Christian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gudnason, Vilmundur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hayward, Caroline</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kraft, Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lawlor, Debbie A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magnusson, Patrik K E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin, Nicholas G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nohr, Ellen A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polasek, Ozren</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porteous, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Price, Alkes L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ridker, Paul M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snieder, Harold</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spector, Tim D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stöckl, Doris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toniolo, Daniela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ulivi, Sheila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visser, Jenny A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Völzke, Henry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wareham, Nicholas J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wilson, James F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spurdle, Amanda B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thorsteindottir, Unnur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pollard, Katherine S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Easton, Douglas F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tung, Joyce Y</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang-Claude, Jenny</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hinds, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murray, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murabito, Joanne M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stefansson, Kari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ong, Ken K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perry, John R B</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LifeLines Cohort Study</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">InterAct Consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kConFab/AOCS Investigators</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endometrial Cancer Association Consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRACTICAL Consortium</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genomic analyses identify hundreds of variants associated with age at menarche and support a role for puberty timing in cancer risk.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nat Genet</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nat. Genet.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body Mass Index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Databases, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Predisposition to Disease</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome-Wide Association Study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genomic Imprinting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Membrane Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menarche</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neoplasms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Puberty</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quantitative Trait Loci</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ribonucleoproteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Factors</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017 Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">834-841</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The timing of puberty is a highly polygenic childhood trait that is epidemiologically associated with various adult diseases. Using 1000 Genomes Project-imputed genotype data in up to ∼370,000 women, we identify 389 independent signals (P &lt; 5 × 10) for age at menarche, a milestone in female pubertal development. In Icelandic data, these signals explain ∼7.4% of the population variance in age at menarche, corresponding to ∼25% of the estimated heritability. We implicate ∼250 genes via coding variation or associated expression, demonstrating significant enrichment in neural tissues. Rare variants near the imprinted genes MKRN3 and DLK1 were identified, exhibiting large effects when paternally inherited. Mendelian randomization analyses suggest causal inverse associations, independent of body mass index (BMI), between puberty timing and risks for breast and endometrial cancers in women and prostate cancer in men. In aggregate, our findings highlight the complexity of the genetic regulation of puberty timing and support causal links with cancer susceptibility.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28436984?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Okbay, Aysu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beauchamp, Jonathan P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fontana, Mark Alan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lee, James J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pers, Tune H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rietveld, Cornelius A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Turley, Patrick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Guo-Bo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emilsson, Valur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meddens, S Fleur W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oskarsson, Sven</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pickrell, Joseph K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thom, Kevin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Timshel, Pascal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Vlaming, Ronald</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdellaoui, Abdel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacelis, Jonas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baumbach, Clemens</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjornsdottir, Gyda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brandsma, Johannes H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pina Concas, Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Derringer, Jaime</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Furlotte, Nicholas A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galesloot, Tessel E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girotto, Giorgia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gupta, Richa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hall, Leanne M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harris, Sarah E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hofer, Edith</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Horikoshi, Momoko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huffman, Jennifer E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaasik, Kadri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kalafati, Ioanna P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karlsson, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kong, Augustine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lahti, Jari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van der Lee, Sven J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">deLeeuw, Christiaan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lind, Penelope A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lindgren, Karl-Oskar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, Tian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mangino, Massimo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marten, Jonathan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mihailov, Evelin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miller, Michael B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van der Most, Peter J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oldmeadow, Christopher</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Payton, Antony</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pervjakova, Natalia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peyrot, Wouter J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qian, Yong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raitakari, Olli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rueedi, Rico</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salvi, Erika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmidt, Börge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schraut, Katharina E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shi, Jianxin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Albert V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poot, Raymond A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">St Pourcain, Beate</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teumer, Alexander</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thorleifsson, Gudmar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Verweij, Niek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vuckovic, Dragana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wellmann, Juergen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Westra, Harm-Jan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yang, Jingyun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhao, Wei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhu, Zhihong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alizadeh, Behrooz Z</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amin, Najaf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bakshi, Andrew</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baumeister, Sebastian E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biino, Ginevra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bønnelykke, Klaus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boyle, Patricia A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campbell, Harry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cappuccio, Francesco P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davies, Gail</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deloukas, Panos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Demuth, Ilja</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ding, Jun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eibich, Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eisele, Lewin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eklund, Niina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evans, David M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faul, Jessica D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feitosa, Mary F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forstner, Andreas J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gandin, Ilaria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunnarsson, Bjarni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Halldórsson, Bjarni V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harris, Tamara 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Mika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kanoni, Stavroula</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keltigangas-Järvinen, Liisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kiemeney, Lambertus A L M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kolcic, Ivana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koskinen, Seppo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kraja, Aldi T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kroh, Martin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kutalik, Zoltán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Latvala, Antti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Launer, Lenore J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lebreton, Maël 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A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McMahon, George</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meisinger, Christa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meitinger, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milaneschi, Yusplitri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milani, Lili</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montgomery, Grant W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myhre, Ronny</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nelson, Christopher P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nyholt, Dale R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ollier, William E R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palotie, Aarno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paternoster, Lavinia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedersen, Nancy L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petrovic, Katja E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porteous, David J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Räikkönen, Katri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ring, Susan M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robino, Antonietta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rostapshova, Olga</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rudan, Igor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rustichini, Aldo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salomaa, 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Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weir, David R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wilson, James F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wright, Alan F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conley, Dalton C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krueger, Robert F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davey Smith, George</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hofman, Albert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laibson, David I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medland, Sarah E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meyer, Michelle N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yang, Jian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johannesson, Magnus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visscher, Peter M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esko, Tõnu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koellinger, Philipp D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cesarini, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benjamin, Daniel J</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LifeLines Cohort Study</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alzheimer Disease</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bipolar Disorder</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cognition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computational Biology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Educational Status</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fetus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gene Expression Regulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gene-Environment Interaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome-Wide Association Study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Great Britain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Annotation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schizophrenia</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016 May 26</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">533</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">539-42</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Educational attainment is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for educational attainment that extends our earlier discovery sample of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication study in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with the number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioural phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because educational attainment is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7604</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27225129?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joshi, Peter K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esko, Tõnu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mattsson, Hannele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eklund, Niina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gandin, Ilaria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nutile, Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jackson, Anne U</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schurmann, Claudia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Albert V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, Weihua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Okada, Yukinori</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stančáková, Alena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faul, Jessica D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhao, Wei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bartz, Traci M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Concas, Maria Pina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franceschini, Nora</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enroth, Stefan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vitart, Veronique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trompet, Stella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guo, Xiuqing</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chasman, Daniel I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O'Connel, Jeffrey R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corre, Tanguy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nongmaithem, Suraj S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Yuning</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mangino, Massimo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruggiero, Daniela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Traglia, Michela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kacprowski, Tim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjonnes, Andrew</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van der Spek, Ashley</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wu, Ying</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giri, Anil K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanek, Lisa R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Lihua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hofer, Edith</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rietveld, Cornelius A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McLeod, Olga</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cornelis, Marilyn C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pattaro, Cristian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Verweij, Niek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baumbach, Clemens</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdellaoui, Abdel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Warren, Helen R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vuckovic, Dragana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mei, Hao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bouchard, Claude</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perry, John R B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cappellani, Stefania</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mirza, Saira S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benton, Miles C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Broeckel, Ulrich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medland, Sarah E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lind, Penelope A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malerba, Giovanni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drong, Alexander</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yengo, Loic</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bielak, Lawrence F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhi, Degui</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van der Most, Peter J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shriner, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mägi, Reedik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hemani, Gibran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karaderi, Tugce</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Zhaoming</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, Tian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Demuth, Ilja</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhao, Jing Hua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meng, Weihua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lataniotis, Lazaros</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van der Laan, Sander W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bradfield, Jonathan P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood, Andrew R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonnefond, Amelie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hall, Leanne M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salvi, Erika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yazar, Seyhan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carstensen, Lisbeth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Haan, Hugoline G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abney, Mark</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afzal, Uzma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allison, Matthew A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amin, Najaf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asselbergs, Folkert W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bakker, Stephan J L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barr, R Graham</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baumeister, Sebastian E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benjamin, Daniel J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergmann, Sven</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boerwinkle, Eric</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bottinger, Erwin P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campbell, Archie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chakravarti, Aravinda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chan, Yingleong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chanock, Stephen J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Constance</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Y-D Ida</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Collins, Francis S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Connell, John</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Correa, Adolfo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cupples, L Adrienne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, George Davey</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davies, Gail</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dörr, Marcus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ehret, Georg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ellis, Stephen B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feenstra, Bjarke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feitosa, Mary F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ford, Ian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fox, Caroline S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frayling, Timothy M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Friedrich, Nele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geller, Frank</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scotland, Generation</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gillham-Nasenya, Irina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gottesman, Omri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Graff, Misa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grodstein, Francine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gu, Charles</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haley, Chris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hammond, Christopher J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harris, Sarah E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harris, Tamara B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hastie, Nicholas D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heard-Costa, Nancy L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heikkilä, Kauko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hocking, Lynne J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Homuth, Georg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hottenga, Jouke-Jan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huang, Jinyan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huffman, Jennifer E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hysi, Pirro G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ikram, M Arfan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingelsson, Erik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joensuu, Anni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johansson, Åsa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jousilahti, Pekka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jukema, J Wouter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kähönen, Mika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamatani, Yoichiro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kanoni, Stavroula</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kerr, Shona M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khan, Nazir M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koellinger, Philipp</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koistinen, Heikki A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kooner, Manraj K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kubo, Michiaki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuusisto, Johanna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lahti, Jari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Launer, Lenore J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lea, Rodney A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lehne, Benjamin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lehtimäki, Terho</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liewald, David C M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lind, Lars</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loh, Marie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lokki, Marja-Liisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">London, Stephanie 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size="100%">Oldehinkel, Albertine J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kardia, Sharon L R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balkau, Beverley</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gambaro, Giovanni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, Andrew P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eriksson, Johan G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wright, Margie J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin, Nicholas G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hunt, Steven C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Starr, John M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deary, Ian J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" 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Christian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van der Harst, Pim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hicks, Andrew A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kraft, Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sinisalo, Juha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knekt, Paul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johannesson, Magnus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magnusson, Patrik K E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamsten, Anders</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmidt, Reinhold</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borecki, Ingrid B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vartiainen, Erkki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Becker, Diane M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohlke, Karen L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boehnke, Michael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Duijn, Cornelia M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanghera, Dharambir K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teumer, Alexander</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeggini, Eleftheria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metspalu, Andres</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gasparini, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ulivi, Sheila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ober, Carole</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toniolo, Daniela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rudan, Igor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porteous, David J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ciullo, Marina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spector, Tim D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hayward, Caroline</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dupuis, Josée</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loos, Ruth J F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wright, Alan F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chandak, Giriraj R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vollenweider, Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shuldiner, Alan R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ridker, Paul M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rotter, Jerome I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sattar, Naveed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gyllensten, Ulf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North, Kari E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pirastu, Mario</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psaty, Bruce M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weir, David R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laakso, Markku</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gudnason, Vilmundur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Takahashi, Atsushi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chambers, John C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kooner, Jaspal S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Strachan, David P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campbell, Harry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hirschhorn, Joel N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perola, Markus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polasek, Ozren</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wilson, James F</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BioBank Japan Project</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blood Pressure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body Height</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cholesterol, LDL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cognition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohort Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Educational Status</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forced Expiratory Volume</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome, Human</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Homozygote</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lung Volume Measurements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenotype</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015 Jul 23</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">523</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">459-62</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P &lt; 1 × 10(-300), 2.1 × 10(-6), 2.5 × 10(-10) and 1.8 × 10(-10), respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7561</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26131930?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Locke, Adam E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kahali, Bratati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berndt, Sonja I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Justice, 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font="default" size="100%">Tremoli, Elena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virtamo, Jarmo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vohl, Marie-Claude</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Völker, Uwe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waeber, Gerard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Willemsen, Gonneke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Witteman, Jacqueline C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zillikens, M Carola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adair, Linda S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amouyel, Philippe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asselbergs, Folkert W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assimes, Themistocles L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bochud, Murielle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boehm, Bernhard O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boerwinkle, Eric</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bornstein, Stefan R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bottinger, Erwin P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bouchard, Claude</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cauchi, Stéphane</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chambers, John C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chanock, Stephen J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooper, Richard S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Bakker, Paul I W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dedoussis, George</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferrucci, Luigi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franks, Paul W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Froguel, Philippe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Groop, Leif C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haiman, Christopher A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamsten, Anders</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hui, Jennie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hunter, David J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hveem, Kristian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaplan, Robert C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kivimaki, Mika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuh, Diana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laakso, Markku</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, Yongmei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin, Nicholas G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">März, Winfried</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melbye, Mads</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metspalu, Andres</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moebus, Susanne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Munroe, Patricia B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Njølstad, Inger</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oostra, Ben A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palmer, Colin N A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedersen, Nancy L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perola, Markus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pérusse, Louis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peters, Ulrike</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Power, Chris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quertermous, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rauramaa, Rainer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rivadeneira, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saaristo, Timo E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saleheen, Danish</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sattar, Naveed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schadt, Eric E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlessinger, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Slagboom, P Eline</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snieder, Harold</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spector, Tim D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stumvoll, Michael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuomilehto, Jaakko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uitterlinden, André G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uusitupa, Matti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van der Harst, Pim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walker, Mark</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wallaschofski, Henri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wareham, Nicholas J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Watkins, Hugh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weir, David R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wichmann, H-Erich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wilson, James F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zanen, Pieter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borecki, Ingrid B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deloukas, Panos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fox, Caroline S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heid, Iris M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O'Connell, Jeffrey R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Strachan, David P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stefansson, Kari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Duijn, Cornelia M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abecasis, Goncalo R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franke, Lude</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frayling, Timothy M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McCarthy, Mark I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visscher, Peter M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scherag, André</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Willer, Cristen J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boehnke, Michael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohlke, Karen L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lindgren, Cecilia M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beckmann, Jacques S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barroso, Inês</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North, Kari E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingelsson, Erik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hirschhorn, Joel N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loos, Ruth J F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Speliotes, Elizabeth K</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LifeLines Cohort Study</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADIPOGen Consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AGEN-BMI Working Group</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CARDIOGRAMplusC4D Consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CKDGen consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GLGC</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICBP</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAGIC Investigators</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MuTHER Consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MIGen Consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PAGE Consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ReproGen Consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GENIE Consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Endogene Consortium</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adipogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adiposity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body Mass Index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continental Population Groups</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy Metabolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Europe</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Predisposition to Disease</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome-Wide Association Study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glutamic Acid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insulin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Obesity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quantitative Trait Loci</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Synapses</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015 Feb 12</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">518</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">197-206</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P &lt; 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for &gt;20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7538</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25673413?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shungin, Dmitry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winkler, Thomas W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Croteau-Chonka, Damien C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira, Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Locke, Adam E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mägi, Reedik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Strawbridge, Rona J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pers, Tune H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, Krista</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Justice, Anne E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wu, Joseph M W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buchkovich, Martin L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heard-Costa, Nancy L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roman, Tamara S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drong, Alexander W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Song, Ci</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gustafsson, Stefan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Day, Felix R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esko, Tõnu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fall, Tove</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kutalik, Zoltán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luan, Jian'an</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Randall, Joshua C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scherag, André</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vedantam, Sailaja</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wood, Andrew R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Jin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fehrmann, Rudolf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karjalainen, Juha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kahali, Bratati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, Ching-Ti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmidt, Ellen M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Absher, Devin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amin, Najaf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anderson, Denise</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beekman, Marian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buyske, Steven</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Demirkan, Ayse</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ehret, Georg B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feitosa, Mary F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goel, Anuj</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jackson, Anne U</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, Toby</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kleber, Marcus E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristiansson, Kati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mangino, Massimo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mateo Leach, Irene</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medina-Gomez, Carolina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palmer, Cameron D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pasko, Dorota</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pechlivanis, Sonali</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peters, Marjolein J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prokopenko, Inga</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stančáková, Alena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ju Sung, Yun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tanaka, Toshiko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teumer, Alexander</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yengo, Loic</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, Weihua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albrecht, Eva</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arnlöv, Johan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arscott, Gillian M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bandinelli, Stefania</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barrett, Amy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellis, Claire</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bennett, Amanda J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berne, Christian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blüher, Matthias</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Böhringer, Stefan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonnet, Fabrice</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Böttcher, Yvonne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bruinenberg, Marcel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carba, Delia B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caspersen, Ida H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clarke, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daw, E Warwick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deelen, Joris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deelman, Ewa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delgado, Graciela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Doney, Alex S F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eklund, Niina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erdos, Michael R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estrada, Karol</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eury, Elodie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Friedrich, Nele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, Melissa E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giedraitis, Vilmantas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gigante, Bruna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Go, Alan S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Golay, Alain</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grallert, Harald</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grammer, Tanja B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gräßler, Jürgen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grewal, Jagvir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Groves, Christopher J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haller, Toomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hallmans, Goran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hartman, Catharina A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hassinen, Maija</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hayward, Caroline</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heikkilä, Kauko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herzig, Karl-Heinz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helmer, Quinta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hillege, Hans L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holmen, Oddgeir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hunt, Steven C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isaacs, Aaron</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ittermann, Till</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">James, Alan L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johansson, Ingegerd</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juliusdottir, Thorhildur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kalafati, 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J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Watkins, Hugh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wichmann, H-Erich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abecasis, Goncalo R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assimes, Themistocles L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berndt, Sonja I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boehnke, Michael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borecki, Ingrid B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deloukas, Panos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franke, Lude</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frayling, Timothy M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Groop, Leif C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hunter, David J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaplan, Robert C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O'Connell, Jeffrey R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qi, Lu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlessinger, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Strachan, David P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stefansson, Kari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Duijn, Cornelia M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Willer, Cristen J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visscher, Peter M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yang, Jian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hirschhorn, Joel N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zillikens, M Carola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McCarthy, Mark I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Speliotes, Elizabeth K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">North, Kari E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fox, Caroline S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barroso, Inês</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franks, Paul W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingelsson, Erik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heid, Iris M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loos, Ruth J F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cupples, L Adrienne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, Andrew P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lindgren, Cecilia M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohlke, Karen L</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADIPOGen Consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CARDIOGRAMplusC4D Consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CKDGen consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GEFOS Consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GENIE Consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GLGC</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICBP</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Endogene Consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LifeLines Cohort Study</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAGIC Investigators</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MuTHER Consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PAGE Consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ReproGen Consortium</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adipocytes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adipogenesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adipose Tissue</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body Fat Distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body Mass Index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continental Population Groups</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epigenesis, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Europe</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome, Human</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome-Wide Association Study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insulin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insulin Resistance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models, Biological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neovascularization, Physiologic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Obesity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quantitative Trait Loci</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sex Characteristics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transcription, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waist-Hip Ratio</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015 Feb 12</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">518</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187-96</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P &lt; 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7538</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25673412?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perry, John R B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hsu, Yi-Hsiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chasman, Daniel I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, Andrew D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elks, Cathy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albrecht, Eva</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrulis, Irene L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beesley, Jonathan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berenson, Gerald S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergmann, Sven</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bojesen, Stig E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bolla, Manjeet K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brown, Judith</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buring, Julie E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campbell, Harry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang-Claude, Jenny</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chenevix-Trench, Georgia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corre, Tanguy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Couch, Fergus J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cox, Angela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Czene, Kamila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">d'Adamo, Adamo Pio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davies, Gail</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deary, Ian J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dennis, Joe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Easton, Douglas F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Engelhardt, Ellen G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eriksson, Johan G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esko, Tõnu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fasching, Peter A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Figueroa, Jonine D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flyger, Henrik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fraser, Abigail</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia-Closas, Montse</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gasparini, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gieger, Christian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giles, Graham</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guenel, Pascal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hägg, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hall, Per</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hayward, Caroline</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopper, John</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingelsson, Erik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kardia, Sharon L R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kasiman, Katherine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knight, Julia A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lahti, Jari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lawlor, Debbie A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magnusson, Patrik K E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margolin, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marsh, Julie A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metspalu, Andres</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olson, Janet E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pennell, Craig E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polasek, Ozren</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rahman, Iffat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ridker, Paul M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robino, Antonietta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rudan, Igor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rudolph, Anja</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salumets, Andres</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmidt, Marjanka K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schoemaker, Minouk J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Erin N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Jennifer A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Southey, Melissa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stöckl, Doris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swerdlow, Anthony J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thompson, Deborah J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Truong, Therese</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ulivi, Sheila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waldenberger, Melanie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Qin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wild, Sarah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wilson, James F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wright, Alan F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zgaga, Lina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ong, Ken K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murabito, Joanne M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karasik, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murray, Anna</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kConFab investigators</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ReproGen Consortium</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA mismatch repair gene MSH6 implicated in determining age at natural menopause.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hum Mol Genet</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hum. Mol. Genet.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA-Binding Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome-Wide Association Study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menopause</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014 May 1</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2490-7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The length of female reproductive lifespan is associated with multiple adverse outcomes, including breast cancer, cardiovascular disease and infertility. The biological processes that govern the timing of the beginning and end of reproductive life are not well understood. Genetic variants are known to contribute to ∼50% of the variation in both age at menarche and menopause, but to date the known genes explain &lt;15% of the genetic component. We have used genome-wide association in a bivariate meta-analysis of both traits to identify genes involved in determining reproductive lifespan. We observed significant genetic correlation between the two traits using genome-wide complex trait analysis. However, we found no robust statistical evidence for individual variants with an effect on both traits. A novel association with age at menopause was detected for a variant rs1800932 in the mismatch repair gene MSH6 (P = 1.9 × 10(-9)), which was also associated with altered expression levels of MSH6 mRNA in multiple tissues. This study contributes to the growing evidence that DNA repair processes play a key role in ovarian ageing and could be an important therapeutic target for infertility.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357391?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perry, John R B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Day, Felix</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elks, Cathy E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulem, Patrick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thompson, Deborah J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreira, Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Chunyan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chasman, Daniel I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esko, Tõnu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thorleifsson, Gudmar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albrecht, Eva</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ang, Wei Q</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corre, Tanguy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cousminer, Diana L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feenstra, Bjarke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franceschini, Nora</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ganna, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, Andrew D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kjellqvist, Sanela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lunetta, Kathryn L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McMahon, George</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nolte, Ilja M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paternoster, Lavinia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porcu, Eleonora</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Albert V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stolk, Lisette</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teumer, Alexander</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tšernikova, Natalia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tikkanen, Emmi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ulivi, Sheila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wagner, Erin K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amin, Najaf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bierut, Laura J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Byrne, Enda M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hottenga, Jouke-Jan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koller, Daniel L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mangino, Massimo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pers, Tune H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hua Zhao, Jing</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrulis, Irene L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anton-Culver, Hoda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atsma, Femke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bandinelli, Stefania</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beckmann, Matthias W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benitez, Javier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blomqvist, Carl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bojesen, Stig E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bolla, Manjeet K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonanni, Bernardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brauch, Hiltrud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brenner, Hermann</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buring, Julie E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang-Claude, Jenny</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chanock, Stephen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Jinhui</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chenevix-Trench, Georgia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Collée, J Margriet</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Couch, Fergus J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Couper, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coviello, Andrea D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cox, Angela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Czene, Kamila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">d'Adamo, Adamo Pio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davey Smith, George</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Vivo, Immaculata</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Demerath, Ellen W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dennis, Joe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Devilee, Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dieffenbach, Aida K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dunning, Alison M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eiriksdottir, Gudny</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eriksson, Johan G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fasching, Peter A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferrucci, Luigi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flesch-Janys, Dieter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flyger, Henrik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foroud, Tatiana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franke, Lude</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, Melissa E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García-Closas, Montserrat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geller, Frank</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Geus, Eco E J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giles, Graham G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gudbjartsson, Daniel F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gudnason, Vilmundur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guenel, Pascal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guo, Suiqun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hall, Per</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamann, Ute</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haring, Robin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hartman, Catharina A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heath, Andrew C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hofman, Albert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hooning, Maartje J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hopper, John L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hu, Frank B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hunter, David J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karasik, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kiel, Douglas P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knight, Julia A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kosma, Veli-Matti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kutalik, Zoltán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lai, Sandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lambrechts, Diether</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lindblom, Annika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mägi, Reedik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magnusson, Patrik K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mannermaa, Arto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin, Nicholas G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Masson, Gisli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McArdle, Patrick F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McArdle, Wendy L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melbye, Mads</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michailidou, Kyriaki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mihailov, Evelin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milani, Lili</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milne, Roger L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nevanlinna, Heli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neven, Patrick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nohr, Ellen A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oldehinkel, Albertine J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oostra, Ben A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palotie, Aarno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peacock, Munro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedersen, Nancy L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peterlongo, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peto, Julian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharoah, Paul D P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Postma, Dirkje S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pouta, Anneli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pylkäs, Katri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radice, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ring, Susan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rivadeneira, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robino, Antonietta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rose, Lynda M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rudolph, Anja</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salomaa, Veikko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanna, Serena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlessinger, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmidt, Marjanka K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Southey, Mellissa C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sovio, Ulla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stampfer, Meir J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stöckl, Doris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Storniolo, Anna M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Timpson, Nicholas J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tyrer, Jonathan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visser, Jenny A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vollenweider, Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Völzke, Henry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waeber, Gerard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waldenberger, Melanie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wallaschofski, Henri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Qin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Willemsen, Gonneke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winqvist, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wright, Margaret J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boomsma, Dorret I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Econs, Michael J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khaw, Kay-Tee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loos, Ruth J F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McCarthy, Mark I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montgomery, Grant W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rice, John P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Streeten, Elizabeth A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Duijn, Cornelia M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alizadeh, Behrooz Z</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergmann, Sven</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boerwinkle, Eric</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boyd, Heather A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crisponi, Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gasparini, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gieger, Christian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harris, Tamara B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingelsson, Erik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kraft, Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lawlor, Debbie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metspalu, Andres</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pennell, Craig E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ridker, Paul M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snieder, Harold</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sørensen, Thorkild I A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spector, Tim D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Strachan, David P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uitterlinden, André G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wareham, Nicholas J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Widen, Elisabeth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zygmunt, Marek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murray, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Easton, Douglas F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stefansson, Kari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murabito, Joanne M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ong, Ken K</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Australian Ovarian Cancer Study</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GENICA Network</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kConFab</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LifeLines Cohort Study</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">InterAct Consortium</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parent-of-origin-specific allelic associations among 106 genomic loci for age at menarche.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alleles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body Mass Index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Breast Neoplasms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardiovascular Diseases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Europe</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Loci</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome-Wide Association Study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genomic Imprinting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Membrane Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menarche</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Obesity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ovary</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quantitative Trait Loci</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Receptors, GABA-B</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Receptors, Retinoic Acid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ribonucleoproteins</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014 Oct 2</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">514</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">92-7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Age at menarche is a marker of timing of puberty in females. It varies widely between individuals, is a heritable trait and is associated with risks for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and all-cause mortality. Studies of rare human disorders of puberty and animal models point to a complex hypothalamic-pituitary-hormonal regulation, but the mechanisms that determine pubertal timing and underlie its links to disease risk remain unclear. Here, using genome-wide and custom-genotyping arrays in up to 182,416 women of European descent from 57 studies, we found robust evidence (P &lt; 5 × 10(-8)) for 123 signals at 106 genomic loci associated with age at menarche. Many loci were associated with other pubertal traits in both sexes, and there was substantial overlap with genes implicated in body mass index and various diseases, including rare disorders of puberty. Menarche signals were enriched in imprinted regions, with three loci (DLK1-WDR25, MKRN3-MAGEL2 and KCNK9) demonstrating parent-of-origin-specific associations concordant with known parental expression patterns. Pathway analyses implicated nuclear hormone receptors, particularly retinoic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid-B2 receptor signalling, among novel mechanisms that regulate pubertal timing in humans. Our findings suggest a genetic architecture involving at least hundreds of common variants in the coordinated timing of the pubertal transition.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7520</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25231870?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McQuillan, Ruth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eklund, Niina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pirastu, Nicola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuningas, Maris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McEvoy, Brian P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esko, Tõnu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corre, Tanguy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davies, Gail</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaakinen, Marika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristiansson, Kati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Havulinna, Aki S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gögele, Martin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vitart, Veronique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tenesa, Albert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aulchenko, Yurii</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hayward, Caroline</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johansson, Åsa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boban, Mladen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ulivi, Sheila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robino, Antonietta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boraska, Vesna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Igl, Wilmar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wild, Sarah H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zgaga, Lina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amin, Najaf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Theodoratou, Evropi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polasek, Ozren</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Girotto, Giorgia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopez, Lorna M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sala, Cinzia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lahti, Jari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laatikainen, Tiina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prokopenko, Inga</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kals, Mart</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viikari, Jorma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yang, Jian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pouta, Anneli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estrada, Karol</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hofman, Albert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freimer, Nelson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin, Nicholas G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kähönen, Mika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milani, Lili</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heliövaara, Markku</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vartiainen, Erkki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Räikkönen, Katri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Masciullo, Corrado</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Starr, John M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hicks, Andrew A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esposito, Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kolcic, Ivana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farrington, Susan M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oostra, Ben</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zemunik, Tatijana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campbell, Harry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kirin, Mirna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pehlic, Marina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faletra, Flavio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porteous, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pistis, Giorgio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Widen, Elisabeth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salomaa, Veikko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koskinen, Seppo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, Krista</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lehtimäki, Terho</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heath, Andrew</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McCarthy, Mark I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rivadeneira, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montgomery, Grant W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tiemeier, Henning</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madden, Pamela A F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">d'Adamo, Pio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hastie, Nicholas D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gyllensten, Ulf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wright, Alan F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Duijn, Cornelia M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dunlop, Malcolm</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rudan, Igor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gasparini, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pramstaller, Peter P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deary, Ian J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toniolo, Daniela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eriksson, Johan G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jula, Antti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raitakari, Olli T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metspalu, Andres</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perola, Markus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uitterlinden, André</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visscher, Peter M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wilson, James F</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ROHgen Consortium</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidence of inbreeding depression on human height.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS Genet</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS Genet.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body Height</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Consanguinity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Databases, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Family</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genes, Recessive</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Heterogeneity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome-Wide Association Study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Homozygote</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quantitative Trait, Heritable</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e1002655</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Stature is a classical and highly heritable complex trait, with 80%-90% of variation explained by genetic factors. In recent years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified many common additive variants influencing human height; however, little attention has been given to the potential role of recessive genetic effects. Here, we investigated genome-wide recessive effects by an analysis of inbreeding depression on adult height in over 35,000 people from 21 different population samples. We found a highly significant inverse association between height and genome-wide homozygosity, equivalent to a height reduction of up to 3 cm in the offspring of first cousins compared with the offspring of unrelated individuals, an effect which remained after controlling for the effects of socio-economic status, an important confounder (χ(2) = 83.89, df = 1; p = 5.2 × 10(-20)). There was, however, a high degree of heterogeneity among populations: whereas the direction of the effect was consistent across most population samples, the effect size differed significantly among populations. It is likely that this reflects true biological heterogeneity: whether or not an effect can be observed will depend on both the variance in homozygosity in the population and the chance inheritance of individual recessive genotypes. These results predict that multiple, rare, recessive variants influence human height. Although this exploratory work focuses on height alone, the methodology developed is generally applicable to heritable quantitative traits (QT), paving the way for an investigation into inbreeding effects, and therefore genetic architecture, on a range of QT of biomedical importance.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22829771?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stolk, Lisette</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perry, John R B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chasman, Daniel I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">He, Chunyan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mangino, Massimo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulem, Patrick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbalic, Maja</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Broer, Linda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Byrne, Enda M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ernst, Florian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esko, Tõnu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franceschini, Nora</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gudbjartsson, Daniel F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hottenga, Jouke-Jan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kraft, Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McArdle, Patrick F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porcu, Eleonora</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shin, So-Youn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Albert V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Wingerden, Sophie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhai, Guangju</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhuang, Wei V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albrecht, Eva</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alizadeh, Behrooz Z</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aspelund, Thor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bandinelli, Stefania</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lauc, Lovorka Barac</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beckmann, Jacques S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boban, Mladen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boerwinkle, Eric</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Broekmans, Frank J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burri, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campbell, Harry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chanock, Stephen J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Constance</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cornelis, Marilyn C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corre, Tanguy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coviello, Andrea D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">d'Adamo, Pio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davies, Gail</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Faire, Ulf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Geus, Eco J C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deary, Ian J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dedoussis, George V Z</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deloukas, Panagiotis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ebrahim, Shah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eiriksdottir, Gudny</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emilsson, Valur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eriksson, Johan G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fauser, Bart C J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferreli, Liana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferrucci, Luigi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, Krista</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Folsom, Aaron R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, Melissa E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gasparini, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gieger, Christian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glazer, Nicole</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grobbee, Diederick E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hall, Per</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haller, Toomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hankinson, Susan E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hass, Merli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hayward, Caroline</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heath, Andrew C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hofman, Albert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ingelsson, Erik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janssens, A Cecile J W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, Andrew D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karasik, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kardia, Sharon L R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keyzer, Jules</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kiel, Douglas P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kolcic, Ivana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kutalik, Zoltán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lahti, Jari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lai, Sandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laisk, Triin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laven, Joop S E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lawlor, Debbie A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, Jianjun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopez, Lorna M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Louwers, Yvonne V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magnusson, Patrik K E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marongiu, Mara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martin, Nicholas G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Klaric, Irena Martinovic</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Masciullo, Corrado</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McKnight, Barbara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medland, Sarah E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melzer, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mooser, Vincent</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Navarro, Pau</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Newman, Anne B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nyholt, Dale R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Onland-Moret, N Charlotte</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palotie, Aarno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paré, Guillaume</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parker, Alex N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedersen, Nancy L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peeters, Petra H M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pistis, Giorgio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plump, Andrew S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polasek, Ozren</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pop, Victor J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psaty, Bruce M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Räikkönen, Katri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rehnberg, Emil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rotter, Jerome I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rudan, Igor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sala, Cinzia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salumets, Andres</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scuteri, Angelo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Singleton, Andrew</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Jennifer A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snieder, Harold</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soranzo, Nicole</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stacey, Simon N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Starr, John M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stathopoulou, Maria G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stirrups, Kathleen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stolk, Ronald P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Styrkarsdottir, Unnur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sun, Yan V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tenesa, Albert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thorand, Barbara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toniolo, Daniela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tryggvadottir, Laufey</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsui, Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ulivi, Sheila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Dam, Rob M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van der Schouw, Yvonne T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Gils, Carla H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Nierop, Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vink, Jacqueline M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visscher, Peter M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Voorhuis, Marlies</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waeber, Gerard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wallaschofski, Henri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wichmann, H Erich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Widen, Elisabeth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wijnands-van Gent, Colette J M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Willemsen, Gonneke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wilson, James F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wright, Alan F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zemunik, Tatijana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zgaga, Lina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zillikens, M Carola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zygmunt, Marek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arnold, Alice M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boomsma, Dorret I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buring, Julie E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crisponi, Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Demerath, Ellen W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gudnason, Vilmundur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harris, Tamara B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hu, Frank B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hunter, David J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Launer, Lenore J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metspalu, Andres</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montgomery, Grant W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oostra, Ben A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ridker, Paul M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanna, Serena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlessinger, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spector, Tim D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stefansson, Kari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Streeten, Elizabeth A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uda, Manuela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uitterlinden, André G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Duijn, Cornelia M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Völzke, Henry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murray, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murabito, Joanne M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visser, Jenny A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lunetta, Kathryn L</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LifeLines Cohort Study</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meta-analyses identify 13 loci associated with age at menopause and highlight DNA repair and immune pathways.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nat Genet</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nat. Genet.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA Helicases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA Primase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA Repair</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA Repair Enzymes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Continental Ancestry Group</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exodeoxyribonucleases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Loci</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome-Wide Association Study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menopause</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proteins</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012 Mar</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">260-8</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;To newly identify loci for age at natural menopause, we carried out a meta-analysis of 22 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 38,968 women of European descent, with replication in up to 14,435 women. In addition to four known loci, we identified 13 loci newly associated with age at natural menopause (at P &lt; 5 × 10(-8)). Candidate genes located at these newly associated loci include genes implicated in DNA repair (EXO1, HELQ, UIMC1, FAM175A, FANCI, TLK1, POLG and PRIM1) and immune function (IL11, NLRP11 and PRRC2A (also known as BAT2)). Gene-set enrichment pathway analyses using the full GWAS data set identified exoDNase, NF-κB signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction as biological processes related to timing of menopause.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22267201?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>