<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kassebaum, Nicholas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zoeckler, Leo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olsen, Helen Elizabeth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas, Katie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinho, Christine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bhutta, Zulfiqar A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dandona, Lalit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferrari, Alize</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ghiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hay, Simon I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kinfu, Yohannes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liang, Xiaofeng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopez, Alan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malta, Deborah Carvalho</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mokdad, Ali H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naghavi, Mohsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patton, George C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salomon, Joshua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sartorius, Benn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Topor-Madry, Roman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vollset, Stein Emil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Werdecker, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whiteford, Harvey A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abate, Kalkidan Hasen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abbas, Kaja</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Damtew, Solomon Abrha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmed, Muktar Beshir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Akseer, Nadia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Al-Raddadi, Rajaa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alemayohu, Mulubirhan Assefa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Altirkawi, Khalid</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amare, Azmeraw T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antonio, Carl A T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arnlöv, Johan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artaman, Al</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asayesh, Hamid</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Awasthi, Ashish</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacha, Umar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Betsu, Balem Demtsu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barac, Aleksandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bärnighausen, Till Winfried</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baye, Estifanos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bedi, Neeraj</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bensenor, Isabela M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berhane, Adugnaw</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bernabe, Eduardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bernal, Oscar Alberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beyene, Addisu Shunu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biadgilign, Sibhatu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bikbov, Boris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boyce, Cheryl Anne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brazinova, Alexandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carter, Austin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catalá-López, Ferrán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charlson, Fiona J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chitheer, Abdulaal A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ciobanu, Liliana G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crump, John</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dandona, Rakhi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dellavalle, Robert P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deribew, Amare</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">deVeber, Gabrielle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dicker, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ding, Eric L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dubey, Manisha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endries, Amanuel Yesuf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erskine, Holly E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faro, Andre</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farzadfar, Farshad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandes, Joao C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fijabi, Daniel Obadare</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fitzmaurice, Christina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fleming, Thomas D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flor, Luisa Sorio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foreman, Kyle J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franklin, Richard C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fraser, Maya S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frostad, Joseph J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fullman, Nancy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gebru, Alemseged Aregay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geleijnse, Johanna M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gibney, Katherine B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gidey Yihdego, Mahari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gizachew, Tessema Assefa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glaser, Elizabeth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gold, Audra L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goldberg, Ellen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gona, Philimon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goto, Atsushi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gugnani, Harish Chander</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiang, Guohong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gupta, Rajeev</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tesfay, Fisaha Haile</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hankey, Graeme J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Havmoeller, Rasmus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hijar, Martha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Horino, Masako</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hosgood, H Dean</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hu, Guoqing</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacobsen, Kathryn H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jayaraman, Sudha P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jha, Vivekanand</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jibat, Tariku</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, Catherine O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jonas, Jost</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kasaeian, Amir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kawakami, Norito</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keiyoro, Peter N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khalil, Ibrahim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khang, Young-Ho</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khubchandani, Jagdish</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kieling, Christian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kissoon, Niranjan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knibbs, Luke D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koyanagi, Ai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krohn, Kristopher J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuate Defo, Barthelemy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kucuk Bicer, Burcu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kulikoff, Rachel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar, G Anil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lal, Dharmesh Kumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lam, Hilton Y</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larson, Heidi J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larsson, Anders</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laryea, Dennis Odai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leung, Janni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lim, Stephen S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lo, Loon-Tzian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lo, Warren D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Looker, Katharine J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lotufo, Paulo A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malekzadeh, Reza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markos Shifti, Desalegn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mazidi, Mohsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meaney, Peter A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Memiah, Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mendoza, Walter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abera Mengistie, Mubarek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mengistu, Gebremichael Welday</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mensah, George A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miller, Ted R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mock, Charles</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammadi, Alireza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammed, Shafiu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monasta, Lorenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mueller, Ulrich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nagata, Chie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naheed, Aliya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nguyen, Grant</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nguyen, Quyen Le</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nsoesie, Elaine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oh, In-Hwan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Okoro, Anselm</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olusanya, Bolajoko O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ortiz, Alberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paudel, Deepak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, David M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perico, Norberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petzold, Max</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phillips, Michael Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polanczyk, Guilherme V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pourmalek, Farshad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qorbani, Mostafa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rafay, Anwar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rahman, Mahfuzar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rai, Rajesh Kumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ram, Usha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rankin, Zane</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remuzzi, Giuseppe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renzaho, Andre M N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roba, Hirbo Shore</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rojas-Rueda, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronfani, Luca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sagar, Rajesh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanabria, Juan Ramon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kedir Mohammed, Muktar Sano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, Itamar S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Satpathy, Maheswar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sawhney, Monika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schöttker, Ben</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schwebel, David C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott, James G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sepanlou, Sadaf G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shaheen, Amira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shaikh, Masood Ali</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">She, June</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shiri, Rahman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shiue, Ivy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Singh, Jasvinder</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silpakit, Naris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Alison</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stanaway, Jeffrey D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stein, Dan J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steiner, Caitlyn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swaminathan, Soumya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tabb, Karen M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tadese, Fentaw</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tavakkoli, Mohammad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taye, Bineyam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teeple, Stephanie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temam Shifa, Girma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas, Bernadette</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomson, Alan J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonelli, Marcello</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tran, Bach Xuan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Troeger, Christopher</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ukwaja, Kingsley N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uthman, Olalekan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vasankari, Tommi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weiderpass, Elisabete</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weintraub, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gebrehiwot, Solomon Weldemariam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Westerman, Ronny</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, Hywel C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wolfe, Charles D A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Woodbrook, Rachel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yano, Yuichiro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yonemoto, Naohiro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoon, Seok-Jun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Younis, Mustafa Z</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu, Chuanhua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zegeye, Elias Asfaw</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murray, Christopher J L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vos, Theo</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Burden of Disease Child and Adolescent Health Collaboration</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child and Adolescent Health From 1990 to 2015: Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2015 Study.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JAMA Pediatr</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JAMA Pediatr</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cause of Death</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child Mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disabled Children</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Burden of Disease</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pregnancy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pregnancy Complications</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sex Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wounds and Injuries</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017 Jun 01</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">171</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">573-592</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Importance: &lt;/b&gt;Comprehensive and timely monitoring of disease burden in all age groups, including children and adolescents, is essential for improving population health.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective: &lt;/b&gt;To quantify and describe levels and trends of mortality and nonfatal health outcomes among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2015 to provide a framework for policy discussion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Evidence Review: &lt;/b&gt;Cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes were analyzed for 195 countries and territories by age group, sex, and year from 1990 to 2015 using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling, with subsequent analysis of the findings to describe levels and trends across geography and time among children and adolescents 19 years or younger. A composite indicator of income, education, and fertility was developed (Socio-demographic Index [SDI]) for each geographic unit and year, which evaluates the historical association between SDI and health loss.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Findings: &lt;/b&gt;Global child and adolescent mortality decreased from 14.18 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 14.09 million to 14.28 million) deaths in 1990 to 7.26 million (95% UI, 7.14 million to 7.39 million) deaths in 2015, but progress has been unevenly distributed. Countries with a lower SDI had a larger proportion of mortality burden (75%) in 2015 than was the case in 1990 (61%). Most deaths in 2015 occurred in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Global trends were driven by reductions in mortality owing to infectious, nutritional, and neonatal disorders, which in the aggregate led to a relative increase in the importance of noncommunicable diseases and injuries in explaining global disease burden. The absolute burden of disability in children and adolescents increased 4.3% (95% UI, 3.1%-5.6%) from 1990 to 2015, with much of the increase owing to population growth and improved survival for children and adolescents to older ages. Other than infectious conditions, many top causes of disability are associated with long-term sequelae of conditions present at birth (eg, neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, and hemoglobinopathies) and complications of a variety of infections and nutritional deficiencies. Anemia, developmental intellectual disability, hearing loss, epilepsy, and vision loss are important contributors to childhood disability that can arise from multiple causes. Maternal and reproductive health remains a key cause of disease burden in adolescent females, especially in lower-SDI countries. In low-SDI countries, mortality is the primary driver of health loss for children and adolescents, whereas disability predominates in higher-SDI locations; the specific pattern of epidemiological transition varies across diseases and injuries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions and Relevance: &lt;/b&gt;Consistent international attention and investment have led to sustained improvements in causes of health loss among children and adolescents in many countries, although progress has been uneven. The persistence of infectious diseases in some countries, coupled with ongoing epidemiologic transition to injuries and noncommunicable diseases, require all countries to carefully evaluate and implement appropriate strategies to maximize the health of their children and adolescents and for the international community to carefully consider which elements of child and adolescent health should be monitored.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28384795?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fitzmaurice, Christina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dicker, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pain, Amanda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamavid, Hannah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MacIntyre, Michael F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, Christine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hansen, Gillian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Woodbrook, Rachel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wolfe, Charles</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamadeh, Randah R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moore, Ami</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Werdecker, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gessner, Bradford D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Te Ao, Braden</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McMahon, Brian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karimkhani, Chante</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu, Chuanhua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooke, Graham S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schwebel, David C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carpenter, David O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, David M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nash, Denis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kazi, Dhruv S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Leo, Diego</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plass, Dietrich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ukwaja, Kingsley N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thurston, George D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yun Jin, Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simard, Edgar P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mills, Edward</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Park, Eun-Kee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catalá-López, Ferrán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">deVeber, Gabrielle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gotay, Carolyn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khan, Gulfaraz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hosgood, H Dean</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, Itamar S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leasher, Janet L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Singh, Jasvinder</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leigh, James</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jonas, Jost</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanabria, Juan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beardsley, Justin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacobsen, Kathryn H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Takahashi, Ken</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franklin, Richard C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronfani, Luca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naldi, Luigi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonelli, Marcello</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geleijnse, Johanna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petzold, Max</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrime, Mark G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Younis, Mustafa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yonemoto, Naohiro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Breitborde, Nicholas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yip, Paul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pourmalek, Farshad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lotufo, Paulo A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esteghamati, Alireza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hankey, Graeme J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ali, Raghib</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lunevicius, Raimundas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malekzadeh, Reza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dellavalle, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weintraub, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lucas, Robyn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hay, Roderick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rojas-Rueda, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Westerman, Ronny</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sepanlou, Sadaf G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nolte, Sandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patten, Scott</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weichenthal, Scott</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abera, Semaw Ferede</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shiue, Ivy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Driscoll, Tim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vasankari, Tommi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alsharif, Ubai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vlassov, Vasiliy V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marcenes, W S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mekonnen, Wubegzier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melaku, Yohannes Adama</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yano, Yuichiro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artaman, Al</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campos, Ismael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MacLachlan, Jennifer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mueller, Ulrich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trillini, Matias</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eshrati, Babak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, Hywel C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shibuya, Kenji</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dandona, Rakhi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murthy, Kinnari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cowie, Benjamin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amare, Azmeraw T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antonio, Carl Abelardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Gool, Coen H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Violante, Francesco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oh, In-Hwan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deribe, Kedede</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soreide, Kjetil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knibbs, Luke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kereselidze, Maia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Green, Mark</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cárdenas, Rosario</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roy, Nobhojit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tillman, Taavi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, Yongmei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krueger, Hans</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monasta, Lorenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dey, Subhojit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheikhbahaei, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hafezi-Nejad, Nima</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar, G Anil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dandona, Lalit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Haidong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vollset, Stein Emil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mokdad, Ali</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salomon, Joshua A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lozano, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vos, Theo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forouzanfar, Mohammad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopez, Alan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murray, Christopher</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naghavi, Mohsen</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Global Burden of Cancer 2013.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JAMA Oncol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JAMA Oncol</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015 Jul</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">505-27</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;IMPORTANCE: &lt;/b&gt;Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Current estimates of cancer burden in individual countries and regions are necessary to inform local cancer control strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;OBJECTIVE: &lt;/b&gt;To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 28 cancers in 188 countries by sex from 1990 to 2013.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;EVIDENCE REVIEW: &lt;/b&gt;The general methodology of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 study was used. Cancer registries were the source for cancer incidence data as well as mortality incidence (MI) ratios. Sources for cause of death data include vital registration system data, verbal autopsy studies, and other sources. The MI ratios were used to transform incidence data to mortality estimates and cause of death estimates to incidence estimates. Cancer prevalence was estimated using MI ratios as surrogates for survival data; YLDs were calculated by multiplying prevalence estimates with disability weights, which were derived from population-based surveys; YLLs were computed by multiplying the number of estimated cancer deaths at each age with a reference life expectancy; and DALYs were calculated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;FINDINGS: &lt;/b&gt;In 2013 there were 14.9 million incident cancer cases, 8.2 million deaths, and 196.3 million DALYs. Prostate cancer was the leading cause for cancer incidence (1.4 million) for men and breast cancer for women (1.8 million). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer was the leading cause for cancer death in men and women, with 1.6 million deaths. For men, TBL cancer was the leading cause of DALYs (24.9 million). For women, breast cancer was the leading cause of DALYs (13.1 million). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100 000 and age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) per 100 000 for both sexes in 2013 were higher in developing vs developed countries for stomach cancer (ASIR, 17 vs 14; ASDR, 15 vs 11), liver cancer (ASIR, 15 vs 7; ASDR, 16 vs 7), esophageal cancer (ASIR, 9 vs 4; ASDR, 9 vs 4), cervical cancer (ASIR, 8 vs 5; ASDR, 4 vs 2), lip and oral cavity cancer (ASIR, 7 vs 6; ASDR, 2 vs 2), and nasopharyngeal cancer (ASIR, 1.5 vs 0.4; ASDR, 1.2 vs 0.3). Between 1990 and 2013, ASIRs for all cancers combined (except nonmelanoma skin cancer and Kaposi sarcoma) increased by more than 10% in 113 countries and decreased by more than 10% in 12 of 188 countries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: &lt;/b&gt;Cancer poses a major threat to public health worldwide, and incidence rates have increased in most countries since 1990. The trend is a particular threat to developing nations with health systems that are ill-equipped to deal with complex and expensive cancer treatments. The annual update on the Global Burden of Cancer will provide all stakeholders with timely estimates to guide policy efforts in cancer prevention, screening, treatment, and palliation.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26181261?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>