<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schreiber, Silvana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cozzi, Giorgio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patti, Giuseppa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taddio, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pierobon, Chiara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbi, Egidio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Does the Application of Heat Gel Pack After Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic Cream Improve Venipuncture or Intravenous Cannulation Success Rate in Children? A Randomized Control Trial.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pediatr Emerg Care</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pediatr Emerg Care</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anesthetics, Local</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hot Temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lidocaine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pain Management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phlebotomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prilocaine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prospective Studies</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018 Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e24-e27</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;OBJECTIVE: &lt;/b&gt;Needle-related procedures are the most common sources of pain for children in the hospital setting. The most used topical anesthetic, eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA) cream, may cause transient vasoconstriction. It has been postulated that this vasoconstriction may decrease vein visualization. The application of heat gel pack after removal of EMLA cream in the site of venipuncture counteracts the vasoconstriction, improving vein visualization. We assessed using a prospective randomized controlled trial whether the application of heat gel pack increases the needle procedure success rate. The primary study outcome was procedural success rate at the first attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;The study enrolled 400 children, 200 of whom applied heat gel pack after removing EMLA (treatment group) and 200 did not (control group). Procedural success rate at the first attempt, vein perception before procedure, procedural pain, and adverse events were recorded in both groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Eighty-eight percent of the procedures were successful at the first attempt in the treatment group and 89% in the control group (P = 0.876). Vein perception was not significantly different in the 2 groups (P = 0.081). Pain score after the procedure was similar in the 2 groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;This study shows that the application of heat gel pack after removal of EMLA cream does not improve venipuncture or intravenous cannulation success rate.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28719485?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conversano, Ester</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cozzi, Giorgio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavan, Matteo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minute, Marta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gortan, Elena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vecchi Brumatti, Liza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronfani, Luca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbi, Egidio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Impact of near infrared light in pediatric blood drawing Centre on rate of first attempt success and time of procedure.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ital J Pediatr</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ital J Pediatr</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infrared Rays</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lighting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phlebotomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time Factors</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018 May 25</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;Peripheral blood access and venipuncture are a stressful and painful experience in pediatric patients; moreover, it is estimated that more than one attempt is required to achieve the procedure in about one third of children. For this reason, we investigated if Near-infrared light technology routinely used, could give an advantage to venipuncture in a pediatric blood center setting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;We conducted an open, pseudo-randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms, in the blood-drawing center, with enrolment of 115 patients between 0 and 18 years, in 14 consecutive working days. Fifty-three subjects were enrolled in group 1 (VeinViewer®) and 62 in group 2 (control group). We divided patients into three subgroups considering their age (&lt; 5 years, 6-10 years, &gt; 10 years). The primary study outcome was to assess if the use of VeinViewer® was associated with a reduction of time to perform blood sampling. The secondary outcome was to analyze VienViewer®'s impact on first attempt success rate in blood sampling.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;No difference was found regarding the duration of blood sampling between the two groups, even after stratifying the patients into the three age subgroups. There was no difference between the two groups in the success at the first attempt in blood sampling.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;Routine use of VeinViewer® is not useful to reduce time of the procedure during venipuncture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;TRIAL REGISTRATION: &lt;/b&gt;The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, with number NCT03277092 , on September 8, 2017.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29801519?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pascolo, Paola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peri, Francesca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Funaro, Mishelle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parrino, Roberta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanadia, Francesca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rusalen, Francesca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vecchiato, Luca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benini, Franca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Congedi, Sabrina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbi, Egidio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cozzi, Giorgio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Needle-related pain and distress management during needle-related procedures in children with and without intellectual disability.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eur J Pediatr</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eur. J. Pediatr.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anxiety</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohort Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intellectual Disability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pain Management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pain Measurement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pain, Procedural</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phlebotomy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018 Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">177</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1753-1760</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Children with intellectual disability frequently undergo needle-related procedures for diagnosis or treatment. Nevertheless, only a few studies deal with pain and distress management during the procedure in this population of children. This study aimed to investigate the number of anxiety and pain management techniques performed during needle procedure in children with intellectual disability (cases) compared to a population of children without intellectual disability (controls). This multicenter cohort study was performed from July 2016 to January 2018 in the pediatric ward of four urban hospitals in Italy. Eligible subjects were children with and without intellectual disability, from 4 to 17 years old, who needed venipuncture or intravenous cannulation for diagnosis or treatment. Use of topical anesthesia, distraction techniques, and physical or verbal comfort during procedures were recorded. Pain and anxiety scores were also recorded. Forty-seven cases and 94 controls were recruited. Three pain- and anxiety-relieving techniques were performed during the procedure in 12 (25%) cases and in 10 controls (11%); two techniques were performed in 23 (50%) cases and in 26 (28%) controls; 12 (25%) cases and 52 (55%) controls received only one.Conclusion: In this series, children with intellectual disability received significantly more relieving techniques, but experienced more pain and anxiety when compared to children without intellectual disability. What is Known: • Children with intellectual disability experience more episodes of pain than cognitively healthy ones, and almost 10% of these episodes are due to medical procedures. What is New: • Children with intellectual disability despite receiving more relieving techniques during a needle-related procedure experienced more pain and anxiety when compared to healthy children.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30203192?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zanus, Caterina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Battistutta, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aliverti, Renata</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cremaschi, Silvana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronfani, Luca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monasta, Lorenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrozzi, Marco</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent Admissions to Emergency Departments for Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS One</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS ONE</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incidence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medical Records</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patient Admission</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retrospective Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self-Injurious Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sex Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suicidal Ideation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suicide, Attempted</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e0170979</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The objective of the present study was to describe the incidence and the characteristics of Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors (SITBs), among adolescents aged 11-18 admitted, over a two year period, to all the Emergency Departments of a Region of North-eastern Italy through a comprehensive analysis of medical records. A two-step search was performed in the regional ED electronic database. First, we identified the cases that had been clearly diagnosed as SITBs by an Emergency Department physician. Secondly, suspect cases were detected through a keyword search of the database, and the medical records of these cases were hand screened to identify SITBs. The mean annual incidence rate of SITBs was 90 per 100,000 adolescents aged 11-18 years. Events were more frequent in females. Drug poisoning was the most frequently adopted method (54%). In 42% of cases a diagnosis of SITB was not explicitly reported by the physician. In 65% of cases adolescents were discharged within hours of admission. Only 9% of patients started a psychiatric assessment and treatment program during hospital stay. This research confirms the high incidence of SITBs among adolescents and highlights the difficulty in their proper diagnosis and management. Such difficulty is confirmed by the fact that only a few patients, even among those with a clear diagnosis, were sent for psychiatric assessment. Correct identification and management of SITB patients needs to be improved, since SITBs are an important public health problem in adolescence and one of the main risk factors for suicide.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28125701?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fanfani, Francesco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Restaino, Stefano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cicogna, Stefania</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petrillo, Marco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perrone, Emanuele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radillo, Oriano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Leo, Rossella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ceccarello, Matteo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scambia, Giovanni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ricci, Giuseppe</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preoperative Serum Human Epididymis Protein 4 Levels in Early Stage Endometrial Cancer: A Prospective Study.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Int J Gynecol Cancer</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged, 80 and over</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biomarkers, Tumor</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endometrial Neoplasms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neoplasm Staging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preoperative Care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prognosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prospective Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proteins</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017 07</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1200-1205</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;OBJECTIVE: &lt;/b&gt;The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and cancer antigen 125 markers with pathological prognostic factor to complete the preoperative clinical panel and help the treatment planning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;This prospective multicenter study was conducted in 2 gynecologic oncology centers between 2012 and 2014 (Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo in Trieste and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Rome, Italy). We enrolled 153 patients diagnosed with clinical early (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages I-II) type I endometrial cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Human epididymis protein 4 levels seemed to be strictly related to age (P &lt; 0.001) and menopausal status (P &lt; 0.002). Compared with myometrial invasion (MI), the HE4 values were significantly higher in case of invasion of greater than 50% of the thickness: MI of greater than 50%, median of 94.85 pmol/L (38.3-820.8 pmol/L), versus MI of less than 50%, median of 65.65 pmol/L (25.1-360.2 pmol/L), (P &lt; 0.001). The HE4 levels increase significantly with increasing tumor size: diameter of larger than 2 cm, median of 86.9 pmol/L (35.8-820.8 pmol/L), versus diameter of smaller than 2 cm, median of 52.2 pmol/L (33.3-146.8 pmol/L), (P &lt; 0.001). In our population, HE4 did not correlate with the histological grade, endometrial cancer type I versus type II (P = 0.86), the lymphovascular infiltration (P = 0.12), and the cervical invasion (P = 0.6). We established a new variable, considering 3 high-risk tumor features: MI of greater than 50% and/or histological G3 and/or type II. Human epididymis protein 4 levels significantly increase in high-risk tumors (high risk HE4, 93.6 pmol/L vs low-medium risk, 65.5 pmol/L; P &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;A preoperative HE4 evaluation could help stratify patients with deep invasion and/or metastatic disease and is correlated with other relevant prognostic factors to be considered to tailor an adequate surgical strategy.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28557834?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cozzi, Giorgio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minute, Marta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skabar, Aldo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pirrone, Angela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jaber, Mohamad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neri, Elena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ventura, Alessandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbi, Egidio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Somatic symptom disorder was common in children and adolescents attending an emergency department complaining of pain.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Paediatr</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Paediatr.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emergency Service, Hospital</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medically Unexplained Symptoms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prospective Studies</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017 Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">106</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">586-593</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;AIM: &lt;/b&gt;The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of somatic pain in a paediatric emergency department (ED).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;We conducted a prospective observational study using patients admitted to the ED of an Italian children's hospital between December 2014 and February 2015. We enrolled children aged 7-17 who turned up at the ED complaining of pain. Patients and parents were asked to fill in a questionnaire to allow the analysis of the patients' medical history and provide contact details for follow-up. We divided the enrolled patients into four groups: post-traumatic pain, organic pain, functional pain and somatic pain. The questionnaire was used to define pain characteristics and to generate an impairment score.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Of the 713 patients who met inclusion criteria, 306 (42.9%) were enrolled in the study. Of these, 135 (44.0%) suffered from post-traumatic pain, 104 (34.0%) from organic pain, 41 (13.4%) from functional pain and 26 (8.6%) from somatic pain. Somatic pain patients had endured pain longer, had missed more school days and had suffered severe functional impairment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/b&gt;This study highlighted that somatic pain was a significant contributor to paediatric emergency room visits and should be suspected and diagnosed in children reporting pain.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28052403?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paviotti, Giulia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monasta, Lorenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronfani, Luca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Copertino, Marco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Cunto, Angela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Demarini, Sergio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body mass index curves for Italian preterm infants are comparable with American curves for infants born before 34 weeks of gestational age.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Paediatr</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Paediatr.</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016 May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">105</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">483-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;AIM: &lt;/b&gt;Body mass index (BMI)-for-age curves have been developed in the USA, but not compared with other populations. This study created gender-specific intrauterine BMI-for-age curves for Italian preterm infants and compared them with the USA version.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;Data on 92 262 newborn infants, born at 26-42 weeks of gestational age in the north-eastern Italian region of Friuli Venezia Giulia between 2005 and 2013, were analysed to create gender-specific BMI-for-age curves. Gender-specific and age-specific BMI Z scores for Italian infants were calculated using the parameters of the USA growth curves and the World Health Organization charts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Gender-specific BMI-for-age at birth curves were developed for premature Italian infants from 26 gestational weeks. The comparison with the USA charts showed no significant difference in BMI percentiles in Italian infants born at ≤33 gestational weeks, but infants born at ≥34 gestational weeks had a significantly higher BMI than the USA population, by 0.2 standard deviations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/b&gt;We developed the first European BMI-for-age at birth curves for premature infants. According to our findings, the Italian curves were comparable to the USA curves for the subgroup of infants born at ≤33 gestational weeks, but not ≥34 gestational weeks.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26871711?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cattaneo, Adriano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bettinelli, Maria Enrica</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chapin, Elise</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macaluso, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Córdova do Espírito Santo, Lílian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murante, Anna Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BFCI Study Group</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effectiveness of the Baby Friendly Community Initiative in Italy: a non-randomised controlled study.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMJ Open</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMJ Open</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e010232</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;OBJECTIVE: &lt;/b&gt;To assess the effectiveness of the Baby Friendly Community Initiative (BFCI) on exclusive breast feeding at 6 months.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;DESIGN: &lt;/b&gt;Controlled, non-randomised trial.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;SETTING: &lt;/b&gt;18 Local Health Authorities in 9 regions of Italy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;PARTICIPANTS: &lt;/b&gt;5094 mother/infant dyads in 3 cohorts were followed up to 12 months after birth in 3 rounds of data collection: at baseline, after implementation of the intervention in the early intervention group and after implementation in the late intervention group. 689 (14%) dyads did not complete the study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;INTERVENTION: &lt;/b&gt;Implementation of the 7 steps of the BFCI.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: &lt;/b&gt;The rate of exclusive breast feeding at 6 months was the primary outcome; breast feeding at discharge, 3 and 12 months was also measured.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;The crude rates of exclusive breast feeding at discharge, 3 and 6 months, and of any breast feeding at 6 and 12 months increased at each round of data collection after baseline in the early and late intervention groups. At the end of the project, 10% of infants were exclusively breast fed at 6 months and 38% were continuing to breast feed at 12 months. However, the comparison by adjusted rates and logistic regression failed to show statistically significant differences between groups and rounds of data collection in the intention-to-treat analysis, as well as when compliance with the intervention and training coverage was taken into account.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;The study failed to demonstrate an effect of the BFCI on the rates of breast feeding. This may be due, among other factors, to the time needed to observe an effect on breast feeding following this complex intervention.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27154476?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Felluga, Margherita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rabach, Ingrid</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minute, Marta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giorgi, Rita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lonciari, Isabella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taddio, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbi, Egidio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A quasi randomized-controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of clowntherapy on children's anxiety and pain levels in emergency department.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eur J Pediatr</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eur. J. Pediatr.</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016 May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">175</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">645-50</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;UNLABELLED: &lt;/b&gt;The aim of the study is to investigate if the presence of medical clowns during painful procedures in the emergency department (ED) affects children's anxiety and pain. Forty children (4-11 years) admitted to the ED with the need of painful procedures were prospectively enrolled. They were randomly assigned to the clown group, where children interacted with clowns or to the control group in which they were entertained by parents and ED nurses. The children's anxiety was assessed by the Children's Anxiety and Pain Scales; pain was evaluated with the Numerical Rating Scale and Wong-Backer Scale, according to the children's age. Staff and clown's opinions were evaluated by means of dedicated questionnaires. Children's anxiety levels in the clown group were significantly lower than those compared with the control group, while children's pain levels did not change between the two groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/b&gt;The presence of clowns in the ED before and during painful procedures was effective in reducing children's anxiety.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;WHAT IS KNOWN: &lt;/b&gt;• Anxiety and fear caused by medical procedures exacerbate children's pain and may interfere with the procedure. • To reduce anxiety, fear, and pain and to facilitate patient's evaluation, different non-pharmacological approaches have been proposed and positive effects of laughter and humor have been reported. What is New: • The presence of clowns in the waiting room and in the ED during medical evaluation and painful procedures helps to reduce children's anxiety.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26755209?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lazzerini, Marzia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martelossi, Stefano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magazzù, Giuseppe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pellegrino, Salvatore</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lucanto, Maria Cristina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barabino, Arrigo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calvi, Angela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arrigo, Serena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lionetti, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lorusso, Monica</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mangiantini, Francesca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fontana, Massimo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuin, Giovanna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palla, Gabriella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maggiore, Giuseppe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bramuzzo, Matteo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pellegrin, Maria Chiara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maschio, Massimo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villanacci, Vincenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manenti, Stefania</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decorti, Giuliana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Iudicibus, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paparazzo, Rossella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ventura, Alessandro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of Thalidomide on Clinical Remission in Children and Adolescents with Ulcerative Colitis Refractory to Other Immunosuppressives: Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inflamm Bowel Dis</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inflamm. Bowel Dis.</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015 Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1739-49</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;In a randomized controlled trial, thalidomide has shown to be effective in refractory Crohn's disease in children. This pilot study aimed at evaluating thalidomide in refractory pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;Double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial on thalidomide 1.5 to 2.5 mg/kg/day in children with active UC despite multiple immunosuppressive treatments. In an open-label extension, nonresponders to placebo received thalidomide for an additional 8 weeks; all responders were followed up for a minimum of 52 weeks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Twenty-six children with refractory UC were randomized to thalidomide or placebo. Clinical remission at week 8 was achieved by significantly more children treated with thalidomide {10/12 (83.3%) versus 2/11 (18.8%); risk ratio, 4.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-16.4); P = 0.005; number needed to treat, 1.5}. Of the nonresponders to placebo who were switched to thalidomide, 8 of 11 (72.7%) subsequently reached remission at week 8 (risk ratio, 4.0 [95% CI, 1.1-14.7]; number needed to treat, 2.45; P = 0.01). Clinical remission in the thalidomide group was 135.0 weeks (95% CI, 32-238), compared with 8.0 weeks (95% CI, 2.4-13.6) in the placebo group (P &lt; 0.0001). Cumulative incidence of severe adverse events was 3.1 per 1000 patient-weeks. Peripheral neuropathy and amenorrhea were the most frequent adverse events.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;In this pilot randomized controlled trial on cases of UC refractory to immunosuppressive therapy, thalidomide compared with placebo resulted in improved clinical remission at 8 weeks of treatment and in longer term maintenance of remission. These findings require replication in larger clinical studies evaluating both thalidomide efficacy and safety.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26185909?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fitzmaurice, Christina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dicker, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pain, Amanda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamavid, Hannah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MacIntyre, Michael F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, Christine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hansen, Gillian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Woodbrook, Rachel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wolfe, Charles</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamadeh, Randah R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moore, Ami</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Werdecker, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gessner, Bradford D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Te Ao, Braden</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McMahon, Brian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karimkhani, Chante</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu, Chuanhua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooke, Graham S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schwebel, David C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carpenter, David O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereira, David M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nash, Denis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kazi, Dhruv S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Leo, Diego</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plass, Dietrich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ukwaja, Kingsley N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thurston, George D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yun Jin, Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simard, Edgar P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mills, Edward</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Park, Eun-Kee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catalá-López, Ferrán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">deVeber, Gabrielle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gotay, Carolyn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khan, Gulfaraz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hosgood, H Dean</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, Itamar S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leasher, Janet L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Singh, Jasvinder</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leigh, James</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jonas, Jost</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanabria, Juan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beardsley, Justin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacobsen, Kathryn H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Takahashi, Ken</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franklin, Richard C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronfani, Luca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naldi, Luigi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonelli, Marcello</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geleijnse, Johanna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Petzold, Max</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrime, Mark G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Younis, Mustafa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yonemoto, Naohiro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Breitborde, Nicholas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yip, Paul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pourmalek, Farshad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lotufo, Paulo A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esteghamati, Alireza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hankey, Graeme J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ali, Raghib</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lunevicius, Raimundas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malekzadeh, Reza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dellavalle, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weintraub, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lucas, Robyn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hay, Roderick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rojas-Rueda, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Westerman, Ronny</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sepanlou, Sadaf G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nolte, Sandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patten, Scott</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weichenthal, Scott</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abera, Semaw Ferede</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shiue, Ivy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Driscoll, Tim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vasankari, Tommi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alsharif, Ubai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vlassov, Vasiliy V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marcenes, W S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mekonnen, Wubegzier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melaku, Yohannes Adama</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yano, Yuichiro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artaman, Al</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campos, Ismael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MacLachlan, Jennifer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mueller, Ulrich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trillini, Matias</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eshrati, Babak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, Hywel C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shibuya, Kenji</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dandona, Rakhi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murthy, Kinnari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cowie, Benjamin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amare, Azmeraw T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antonio, Carl Abelardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Gool, Coen H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Violante, Francesco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oh, In-Hwan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deribe, Kedede</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soreide, Kjetil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knibbs, Luke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kereselidze, Maia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Green, Mark</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cárdenas, Rosario</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roy, Nobhojit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tillman, Taavi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, Yongmei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krueger, Hans</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monasta, Lorenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dey, Subhojit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheikhbahaei, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hafezi-Nejad, Nima</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar, G Anil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dandona, Lalit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Haidong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vollset, Stein Emil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mokdad, Ali</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salomon, Joshua A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lozano, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vos, Theo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forouzanfar, Mohammad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopez, Alan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murray, Christopher</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naghavi, Mohsen</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Global Burden of Cancer 2013.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JAMA Oncol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JAMA Oncol</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015 Jul</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">505-27</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;IMPORTANCE: &lt;/b&gt;Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Current estimates of cancer burden in individual countries and regions are necessary to inform local cancer control strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;OBJECTIVE: &lt;/b&gt;To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 28 cancers in 188 countries by sex from 1990 to 2013.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;EVIDENCE REVIEW: &lt;/b&gt;The general methodology of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 study was used. Cancer registries were the source for cancer incidence data as well as mortality incidence (MI) ratios. Sources for cause of death data include vital registration system data, verbal autopsy studies, and other sources. The MI ratios were used to transform incidence data to mortality estimates and cause of death estimates to incidence estimates. Cancer prevalence was estimated using MI ratios as surrogates for survival data; YLDs were calculated by multiplying prevalence estimates with disability weights, which were derived from population-based surveys; YLLs were computed by multiplying the number of estimated cancer deaths at each age with a reference life expectancy; and DALYs were calculated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;FINDINGS: &lt;/b&gt;In 2013 there were 14.9 million incident cancer cases, 8.2 million deaths, and 196.3 million DALYs. Prostate cancer was the leading cause for cancer incidence (1.4 million) for men and breast cancer for women (1.8 million). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer was the leading cause for cancer death in men and women, with 1.6 million deaths. For men, TBL cancer was the leading cause of DALYs (24.9 million). For women, breast cancer was the leading cause of DALYs (13.1 million). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100 000 and age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) per 100 000 for both sexes in 2013 were higher in developing vs developed countries for stomach cancer (ASIR, 17 vs 14; ASDR, 15 vs 11), liver cancer (ASIR, 15 vs 7; ASDR, 16 vs 7), esophageal cancer (ASIR, 9 vs 4; ASDR, 9 vs 4), cervical cancer (ASIR, 8 vs 5; ASDR, 4 vs 2), lip and oral cavity cancer (ASIR, 7 vs 6; ASDR, 2 vs 2), and nasopharyngeal cancer (ASIR, 1.5 vs 0.4; ASDR, 1.2 vs 0.3). Between 1990 and 2013, ASIRs for all cancers combined (except nonmelanoma skin cancer and Kaposi sarcoma) increased by more than 10% in 113 countries and decreased by more than 10% in 12 of 188 countries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: &lt;/b&gt;Cancer poses a major threat to public health worldwide, and incidence rates have increased in most countries since 1990. The trend is a particular threat to developing nations with health systems that are ill-equipped to deal with complex and expensive cancer treatments. The annual update on the Global Burden of Cancer will provide all stakeholders with timely estimates to guide policy efforts in cancer prevention, screening, treatment, and palliation.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26181261?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forouzanfar, Mohammad H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexander, Lily</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anderson, H Ross</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bachman, Victoria F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biryukov, 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face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yenesew, Muluken</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yentür, Gökalp K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yip, Paul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yonemoto, Naohiro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoon, Seok-Jun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Younis, Mustafa Z</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Younoussi, Zourkaleini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu, Chuanhua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zaki, Maysaa E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhao, Yong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zheng, Yingfeng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhou, Maigeng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhu, Jun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhu, Shankuan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zou, Xiaonong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zunt, Joseph R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopez, Alan D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vos, Theo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murray, Christopher J</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GBD 2013 Risk Factors Collaborators</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lancet</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lancet</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015 Dec 5</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">386</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2287-323</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;FINDINGS: &lt;/b&gt;All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;INTERPRETATION: &lt;/b&gt;Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;FUNDING: &lt;/b&gt;Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10010</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26364544?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murray, Christopher J L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barber, Ryan M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foreman, Kyle J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abbasoglu Ozgoren, Ayse</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abd-Allah, 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R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carabin, Hélène</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carapetis, Jonathan R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cárdenas, Rosario</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carpenter, David O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caso, Valeria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro, Ruben E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catalá-López, Ferrán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cavalleri, Fiorella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cavlin, Alanur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chadha, Vineet K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang, Jung-Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charlson, Fiona J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Honglei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Wanqing</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiang, Peggy P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chowdhury, Rajiv</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christensen, Hanne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christophi, Costas A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cirillo, Massimo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coates, Matthew 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face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ding, Eric L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dokova, Klara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dorsey, E Ray</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Driscoll, Tim R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duan, Leilei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duber, Herbert C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ebel, Beth E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edmond, Karen M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elshrek, Yousef M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endres, Matthias</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ermakov, Sergey P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erskine, Holly E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eshrati, Babak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esteghamati, Alireza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estep, Kara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faraon, Emerito Jose A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farzadfar, Farshad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fay, Derek F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feigin, Valery L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Felson, David T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandes, Jefferson G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" 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face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tonelli, Marcello</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Topouzis, Fotis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toyoshima, Hideaki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Traebert, Jefferson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tran, Bach X</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trillini, Matias</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Truelsen, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuzcu, Emin M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uchendu, Uche S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ukwaja, Kingsley N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Undurraga, Eduardo A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uzun, Selen B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van Brakel, Wim H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van de Vijver, Steven</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Gool, Coen H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Os, Jim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vasankari, Tommi J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Venketasubramanian, N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Violante, Francesco S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vlassov, Vasiliy V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vollset, Stein Emil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wagner, Gregory R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wagner, Joseph</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waller, Stephen G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wan, Xia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Haidong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, JianLi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Linhong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Warouw, Tati S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weichenthal, Scott</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weiderpass, Elisabete</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weintraub, Robert G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wenzhi, Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Werdecker, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Westerman, Ronny</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whiteford, Harvey A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wilkinson, James D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, Thomas N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wolfe, Charles D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wolock, Timothy M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Woolf, Anthony D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wulf, Sarah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wurtz, Brittany</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, Gelin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yan, Lijing L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yano, Yuichiro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ye, Pengpeng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yentür, Gökalp K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yip, Paul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yonemoto, Naohiro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoon, Seok-Jun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Younis, Mustafa Z</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu, Chuanhua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zaki, Maysaa E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhao, Yong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zheng, Yingfeng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zonies, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zou, Xiaonong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salomon, Joshua A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopez, Alan D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vos, Theo</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GBD 2013 DALYs and HALE Collaborators</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lancet</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lancet</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chronic Disease</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communicable Diseases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Transition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life Expectancy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mortality, Premature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality-Adjusted Life Years</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Socioeconomic Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wounds and Injuries</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015 Nov 28</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">386</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2145-91</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age-sex groups, and countries. The GBD can be used to generate summary measures such as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) that make possible comparative assessments of broad epidemiological patterns across countries and time. These summary measures can also be used to quantify the component of variation in epidemiology that is related to sociodemographic development.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;We used the published GBD 2013 data for age-specific mortality, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) to calculate DALYs and HALE for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2013 for 188 countries. We calculated HALE using the Sullivan method; 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) represent uncertainty in age-specific death rates and YLDs per person for each country, age, sex, and year. We estimated DALYs for 306 causes for each country as the sum of YLLs and YLDs; 95% UIs represent uncertainty in YLL and YLD rates. We quantified patterns of the epidemiological transition with a composite indicator of sociodemographic status, which we constructed from income per person, average years of schooling after age 15 years, and the total fertility rate and mean age of the population. We applied hierarchical regression to DALY rates by cause across countries to decompose variance related to the sociodemographic status variable, country, and time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;FINDINGS: &lt;/b&gt;Worldwide, from 1990 to 2013, life expectancy at birth rose by 6·2 years (95% UI 5·6-6·6), from 65·3 years (65·0-65·6) in 1990 to 71·5 years (71·0-71·9) in 2013, HALE at birth rose by 5·4 years (4·9-5·8), from 56·9 years (54·5-59·1) to 62·3 years (59·7-64·8), total DALYs fell by 3·6% (0·3-7·4), and age-standardised DALY rates per 100 000 people fell by 26·7% (24·6-29·1). For communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders, global DALY numbers, crude rates, and age-standardised rates have all declined between 1990 and 2013, whereas for non-communicable diseases, global DALYs have been increasing, DALY rates have remained nearly constant, and age-standardised DALY rates declined during the same period. From 2005 to 2013, the number of DALYs increased for most specific non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms, in addition to dengue, food-borne trematodes, and leishmaniasis; DALYs decreased for nearly all other causes. By 2013, the five leading causes of DALYs were ischaemic heart disease, lower respiratory infections, cerebrovascular disease, low back and neck pain, and road injuries. Sociodemographic status explained more than 50% of the variance between countries and over time for diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and other common infectious diseases; maternal disorders; neonatal disorders; nutritional deficiencies; other communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases; musculoskeletal disorders; and other non-communicable diseases. However, sociodemographic status explained less than 10% of the variance in DALY rates for cardiovascular diseases; chronic respiratory diseases; cirrhosis; diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases; unintentional injuries; and self-harm and interpersonal violence. Predictably, increased sociodemographic status was associated with a shift in burden from YLLs to YLDs, driven by declines in YLLs and increases in YLDs from musculoskeletal disorders, neurological disorders, and mental and substance use disorders. In most country-specific estimates, the increase in life expectancy was greater than that in HALE. Leading causes of DALYs are highly variable across countries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;INTERPRETATION: &lt;/b&gt;Global health is improving. Population growth and ageing have driven up numbers of DALYs, but crude rates have remained relatively constant, showing that progress in health does not mean fewer demands on health systems. The notion of an epidemiological transition--in which increasing sociodemographic status brings structured change in disease burden--is useful, but there is tremendous variation in burden of disease that is not associated with sociodemographic status. This further underscores the need for country-specific assessments of DALYs and HALE to appropriately inform health policy decisions and attendant actions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;FUNDING: &lt;/b&gt;Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10009</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26321261?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiurco, Antonella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brovedani, Pierpaolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monasta, Lorenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davanzo, Riccardo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An IBCLC in the Maternity Ward of a Mother and Child Hospital: A Pre- and Post-Intervention Study.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Int J Environ Res Public Health</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Int J Environ Res Public Health</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015 Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9938-51</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Published evidence on the impact of the integration of International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLCs) for breastfeeding promotion is growing, but still relatively limited. Our study aims at evaluating the effects of adding an IBCLC for breastfeeding support in a mother and child hospital environment. We conducted a prospective study in the maternity ward of our maternal and child health Institute, recruiting 402 mothers of healthy term newborns soon after birth. The 18-month intervention of the IBCLC (Phase II) was preceded (Phase I) by data collection on breastfeeding rates and factors related to breastfeeding, both at hospital discharge and two weeks later. Data collection was replicated just before the end of the intervention (Phase III). In Phase III, a significantly higher percentage of mothers: (a) received help to breastfeed, and also received correct information on breastfeeding and community support, (b) started breastfeeding within two hours from delivery, (c) reported a good experience with the hospital staff. Moreover, the frequency of sore and/or cracked nipples was significantly lower in Phase III. However, no difference was found in exclusive breastfeeding rates at hospital discharge or at two weeks after birth.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26308018?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flaugnacco, Elena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopez, Luisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terribili, Chiara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zoia, Stefania</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schön, Daniele</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Music Training Increases Phonological Awareness and Reading Skills in Developmental Dyslexia: A Randomized Control Trial.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS One</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS ONE</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e0138715</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;There is some evidence for a role of music training in boosting phonological awareness, word segmentation, working memory, as well as reading abilities in children with typical development. Poor performance in tasks requiring temporal processing, rhythm perception and sensorimotor synchronization seems to be a crucial factor underlying dyslexia in children. Interestingly, children with dyslexia show deficits in temporal processing, both in language and in music. Within this framework, we test the hypothesis that music training, by improving temporal processing and rhythm abilities, improves phonological awareness and reading skills in children with dyslexia. The study is a prospective, multicenter, open randomized controlled trial, consisting of test, rehabilitation and re-test (ID NCT02316873). After rehabilitation, the music group (N = 24) performed better than the control group (N = 22) in tasks assessing rhythmic abilities, phonological awareness and reading skills. This is the first randomized control trial testing the effect of music training in enhancing phonological and reading abilities in children with dyslexia. The findings show that music training can modify reading and phonological abilities even when these skills are severely impaired. Through the enhancement of temporal processing and rhythmic skills, music might become an important tool in both remediation and early intervention programs.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02316873&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26407242?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maso, Gianpaolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monasta, Lorenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piccoli, Monica</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronfani, Luca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Seta, Francesco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parolin, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Businelli, Caterina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Travan, Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alberico, Salvatore</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multicenter Study Group on Mode of Delivery in Friuli Venezia Giulia</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk-adjusted operative delivery rates and maternal-neonatal outcomes as measures of quality assessment in obstetric care: a multicenter prospective study.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Pregnancy Childbirth</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Pregnancy Childbirth</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;Although the evaluation of caesarean delivery rates has been suggested as one of the most important indicators of quality in obstetrics, it has been criticized because of its controversial ability to capture maternal and neonatal outcomes. In an &quot;ideal&quot; process of labor and delivery auditing, both caesarean (CD) and assisted vaginal delivery (AVD) rates should be considered because both of them may be associated with an increased risk of complications. The aim of our study was to evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes according to the outlier status for case-mix adjusted CD and AVD rates in the same obstetric population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;Standardized data on 15,189 deliveries from 11 centers were prospectively collected. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the risk-adjusted probability of a woman in each center having an AVD or a CD. Centers were classified as &quot;above&quot;, &quot;below&quot;, or &quot;within&quot; the expected rates by considering the observed-to-expected rates and the 95% confidence interval around the ratio. Adjusted maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared among the three groupings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Centers classified as &quot;above&quot; or &quot;below&quot; the expected CD rates had, in both cases, higher adjusted incidence of composite maternal (2.97%, 4.69%, 3.90% for &quot;within&quot;, &quot;above&quot; and &quot;below&quot;, respectively; p = 0.000) and neonatal complications (3.85%, 9.66%, 6.29% for &quot;within&quot;, &quot;above&quot; and &quot;below&quot;, respectively; p = 0.000) than centers &quot;within&quot; CD expected rates. Centers with AVD rates above and below the expected showed poorer and better composite maternal (3.96%, 4.61%, 2.97% for &quot;within&quot;, &quot;above&quot; and &quot;below&quot;, respectively; p = 0.000) and neonatal (6.52%, 9.77%, 3.52% for &quot;within&quot;, &quot;above&quot; and &quot;below&quot;, respectively; p = 0.000) outcomes respectively than centers with &quot;within&quot; AVD rates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;Both risk-adjusted CD and AVD delivery rates should be considered to assess the level of obstetric care. In this context, both higher and lower-than-expected rates of CD and &quot;above&quot; AVD rates are significantly associated with increased risk of complications, whereas the &quot;below&quot; status for AVD showed a &quot;protective&quot; effect on maternal and neonatal outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25751768?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murray, Christopher J L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ortblad, Katrina F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guinovart, Caterina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lim, Stephen S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wolock, Timothy M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roberts, D Allen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dansereau, Emily A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Graetz, Nicholas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barber, Ryan M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brown, Jonathan C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Haidong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duber, Herbert C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naghavi, Mohsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dicker, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dandona, Lalit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salomon, Joshua A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heuton, Kyle R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foreman, Kyle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phillips, David E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fleming, Thomas D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flaxman, Abraham D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phillips, Bryan K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, Elizabeth K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coggeshall, Megan S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abd-Allah, Foad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abera, Semaw Ferede</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abraham, Jerry P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abubakar, Ibrahim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abu-Raddad, Laith J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen Me</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Achoki, Tom</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adeyemo, Austine Olufemi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adou, Arsène Kouablan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adsuar, José C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agardh, Emilie Elisabet</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Akena, Dickens</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Al Kahbouri, Mazin J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alasfoor, Deena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albittar, Mohammed I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alcalá-Cerra, Gabriel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alegretti, Miguel Angel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alhabib, Samia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ali, Raghib</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alla, François</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, Peter J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alsharif, Ubai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alvarez, 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Ali</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asghar, Rana J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assadi, Reza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atkins, Lydia S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badawi, Alaa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balakrishnan, Kalpana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Banerjee, Amitava</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basu, Sanjay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beardsley, Justin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bekele, Tolesa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bell, Michelle L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bernabe, Eduardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beyene, Tariku Jibat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bhala, Neeraj</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bhalla, Ashish</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bhutta, Zulfiqar A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdulhak, Aref Bin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Binagwaho, Agnes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blore, Jed D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basara, Berrak Bora</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bose, Dipan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brainin, Michael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Breitborde, Nicholas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catalá-López, Ferrán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chadha, Vineet K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang, Jung-Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chuang, Ting-Wu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colomar, Mercedes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooper, Leslie Trumbull</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooper, Cyrus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Courville, Karen J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cowie, Benjamin C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Criqui, Michael H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dandona, Rakhi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dayama, Anand</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Leo, Diego</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Degenhardt, Louisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">del Pozo-Cruz, Borja</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deribe, Kebede</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Des Jarlais, Don C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dessalegn, Muluken</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dharmaratne, Samath D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dilmen, Uğur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ding, Eric L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Driscoll, Tim R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Durrani, Adnan M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ellenbogen, Richard G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esteghamati, Alireza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faraon, Emerito Jose A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farzadfar, Farshad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fijabi, Daniel Obadare</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forouzanfar, Mohammad H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fra Paleo, Urbano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaffikin, Lynne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gamkrelidze, Amiran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gankpé, Fortuné Gbètoho</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geleijnse, Johanna M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gessner, Bradford D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gibney, Katherine B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glaser, Elizabeth L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gona, Philimon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goto, Atsushi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gouda, Hebe N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gugnani, Harish Chander</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gupta, Rajeev</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gupta, Rahul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hafezi-Nejad, Nima</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hammami, Mouhanad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hankey, Graeme J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harb, Hilda L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haro, Josep Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Havmoeller, Rasmus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hay, Simon I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hedayati, Mohammad T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pi, Ileana B Heredia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoek, Hans W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hornberger, John C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hosgood, H Dean</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hotez, Peter J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoy, Damian G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huang, John J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iburg, Kim M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Idrisov, Bulat T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Innos, Kaire</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacobsen, Kathryn H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jeemon, Panniyammakal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jensen, Paul N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jha, Vivekanand</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiang, Guohong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jonas, Jost B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juel, Knud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kan, Haidong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kankindi, Ida</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karam, Nadim E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karch, André</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karema, Corine Kakizi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaul, Anil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kawakami, Norito</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kazi, Dhruv S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kemp, Andrew H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kengne, Andre Pascal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keren, Andre</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kereselidze, Maia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khader, Yousef Saleh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khan, Ejaz Ahmed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khang, Young-Ho</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khonelidze, Irma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kinfu, Yohannes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kinge, Jonas M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knibbs, Luke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kokubo, Yoshihiro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kosen, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Defo, Barthelemy Kuate</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kulkarni, Veena S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kulkarni, Chanda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar, Kaushalendra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar, Ravi B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar, G Anil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kwan, Gene F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lai, Taavi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balaji, Arjun Lakshmana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lam, Hilton</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lan, Qing</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lansingh, Van C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larson, Heidi J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larsson, Anders</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lee, Jong-Tae</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leigh, James</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leinsalu, Mall</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leung, Ricky</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, Yichong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, Yongmei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Lima, Graça Maria Ferreira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lin, Hsien-Ho</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lipshultz, Steven E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, Shiwei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, Yang</style></author><author><style 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size="100%">Wilkinson, James D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, Thomas Neil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Woldeyohannes, Solomon Meseret</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wong, John Q</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, Gelin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yang, Yang C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yano, Yuichiro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yentur, Gokalp Kadri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yip, Paul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yonemoto, Naohiro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoon, Seok-Jun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Younis, Mustafa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu, Chuanhua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jin, Kim Yun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhao, Yong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zheng, Yingfeng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhou, Maigeng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhu, Jun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zou, Xiao Nong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopez, Alan D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vos, Theo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lancet</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lancet</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epidemics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HIV Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incidence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malaria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizational Objectives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sex Distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuberculosis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014 Sep 13</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">384</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1005-70</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;The Millennium Declaration in 2000 brought special global attention to HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria through the formulation of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 6. The Global Burden of Disease 2013 study provides a consistent and comprehensive approach to disease estimation for between 1990 and 2013, and an opportunity to assess whether accelerated progress has occured since the Millennium Declaration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;To estimate incidence and mortality for HIV, we used the UNAIDS Spectrum model appropriately modified based on a systematic review of available studies of mortality with and without antiretroviral therapy (ART). For concentrated epidemics, we calibrated Spectrum models to fit vital registration data corrected for misclassification of HIV deaths. In generalised epidemics, we minimised a loss function to select epidemic curves most consistent with prevalence data and demographic data for all-cause mortality. We analysed counterfactual scenarios for HIV to assess years of life saved through prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and ART. For tuberculosis, we analysed vital registration and verbal autopsy data to estimate mortality using cause of death ensemble modelling. We analysed data for corrected case-notifications, expert opinions on the case-detection rate, prevalence surveys, and estimated cause-specific mortality using Bayesian meta-regression to generate consistent trends in all parameters. We analysed malaria mortality and incidence using an updated cause of death database, a systematic analysis of verbal autopsy validation studies for malaria, and recent studies (2010-13) of incidence, drug resistance, and coverage of insecticide-treated bednets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;FINDINGS: &lt;/b&gt;Globally in 2013, there were 1·8 million new HIV infections (95% uncertainty interval 1·7 million to 2·1 million), 29·2 million prevalent HIV cases (28·1 to 31·7), and 1·3 million HIV deaths (1·3 to 1·5). At the peak of the epidemic in 2005, HIV caused 1·7 million deaths (1·6 million to 1·9 million). Concentrated epidemics in Latin America and eastern Europe are substantially smaller than previously estimated. Through interventions including PMTCT and ART, 19·1 million life-years (16·6 million to 21·5 million) have been saved, 70·3% (65·4 to 76·1) in developing countries. From 2000 to 2011, the ratio of development assistance for health for HIV to years of life saved through intervention was US$4498 in developing countries. Including in HIV-positive individuals, all-form tuberculosis incidence was 7·5 million (7·4 million to 7·7 million), prevalence was 11·9 million (11·6 million to 12·2 million), and number of deaths was 1·4 million (1·3 million to 1·5 million) in 2013. In the same year and in only individuals who were HIV-negative, all-form tuberculosis incidence was 7·1 million (6·9 million to 7·3 million), prevalence was 11·2 million (10·8 million to 11·6 million), and number of deaths was 1·3 million (1·2 million to 1·4 million). Annualised rates of change (ARC) for incidence, prevalence, and death became negative after 2000. Tuberculosis in HIV-negative individuals disproportionately occurs in men and boys (versus women and girls); 64·0% of cases (63·6 to 64·3) and 64·7% of deaths (60·8 to 70·3). Globally, malaria cases and deaths grew rapidly from 1990 reaching a peak of 232 million cases (143 million to 387 million) in 2003 and 1·2 million deaths (1·1 million to 1·4 million) in 2004. Since 2004, child deaths from malaria in sub-Saharan Africa have decreased by 31·5% (15·7 to 44·1). Outside of Africa, malaria mortality has been steadily decreasing since 1990.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;INTERPRETATION: &lt;/b&gt;Our estimates of the number of people living with HIV are 18·7% smaller than UNAIDS's estimates in 2012. The number of people living with malaria is larger than estimated by WHO. The number of people living with HIV, tuberculosis, or malaria have all decreased since 2000. At the global level, upward trends for malaria and HIV deaths have been reversed and declines in tuberculosis deaths have accelerated. 101 countries (74 of which are developing) still have increasing HIV incidence. Substantial progress since the Millennium Declaration is an encouraging sign of the effect of global action.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;FUNDING: &lt;/b&gt;Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9947</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25059949?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Haidong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liddell, Chelsea A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coates, Matthew M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mooney, Meghan D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Levitz, Carly 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face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Banerjee, Amitava</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basu, Sanjay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bedi, Neeraj</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bekele, Tolesa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bell, Michelle L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bhutta, Zulfiqar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blore, Jed D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basara, Berrak Bora</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boufous, Soufiane</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Breitborde, Nicholas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bruce, Nigel G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bui, Linh Ngoc</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carapetis, Jonathan R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cárdenas, Rosario</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carpenter, David O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caso, Valeria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Castro, Ruben Estanislao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catalá-López, Ferrán</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cavlin, Alanur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Che, Xuan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chowdhury, Rajiv</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christophi, Costas A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chuang, Ting-Wu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cirillo, Massimo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">da Costa Leite, Iuri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Courville, Karen J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dandona, Lalit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dandona, Rakhi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davis, Adrian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dayama, Anand</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deribe, Kebede</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dharmaratne, Samath D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dherani, Mukesh K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dilmen, Uğur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ding, Eric L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edmond, Karen M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ermakov, Sergei Petrovich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farzadfar, Farshad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fijabi, Daniel Obadare</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foigt, Nataliya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forouzanfar, Mohammad H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, Ana C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geleijnse, Johanna M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gessner, Bradford D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goginashvili, Ketevan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gona, Philimon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goto, Atsushi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gouda, Hebe N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Green, Mark A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greenwell, Karen Fern</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gugnani, Harish Chander</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gupta, Rahul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hammami, Mouhanad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harb, Hilda L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hay, Simon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hedayati, Mohammad T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hosgood, H Dean</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoy, Damian G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Idrisov, Bulat T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Islami, Farhad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ismayilova, Samaya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jha, Vivekanand</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiang, Guohong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jonas, Jost B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juel, Knud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kabagambe, Edmond Kato</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kazi, Dhruv S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kengne, Andre Pascal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kereselidze, Maia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khader, Yousef Saleh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khang, Young-Ho</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kinfu, Yohannes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kinge, Jonas M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kokubo, Yoshihiro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kosen, Soewarta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Defo, Barthelemy Kuate</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar, G Anil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar, Kaushalendra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar, Ravi B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lai, Taavi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lan, Qing</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larsson, Anders</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lee, Jong-Tae</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leinsalu, Mall</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lim, Stephen S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lipshultz, Steven E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Logroscino, Giancarlo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lotufo, Paulo A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lunevicius, Raimundas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lyons, Ronan Anthony</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ma, Stefan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahdi, Abbas Ali</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marzan, Melvin Barrientos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mashal, Mohammad Taufiq</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mazorodze, Tasara T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McGrath, John J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Memish, Ziad A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mendoza, Walter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mensah, George A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meretoja, Atte</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miller, Ted R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mills, Edward J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mokdad, Ali H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monasta, Lorenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moore, Ami R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moschandreas, Joanna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Msemburi, William T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mueller, Ulrich O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muszynska, Magdalena M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naghavi, Mohsen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naidoo, Kovin S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Narayan, K M Venkat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nejjari, Chakib</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ng, Marie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Dieu Ngirabega, Jean</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nyakarahuka, Luke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ohkubo, Takayoshi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Omer, Saad B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caicedo, Angel J Paternina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pillay-van Wyk, Victoria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pope, Dan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pourmalek, Farshad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prabhakaran, Dorairaj</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rahman, Sajjad U R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rana, Saleem M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reilly, Robert Quentin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rojas-Rueda, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronfani, Luca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rushton, Lesley</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saeedi, Mohammad Yahya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salomon, Joshua A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sampson, Uchechukwu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santos, Itamar S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sawhney, Monika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmidt, Jürgen C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shakh-Nazarova, Marina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">She, Jun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sheikhbahaei, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shibuya, Kenji</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shin, Hwashin Hyun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shishani, Kawkab</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shiue, Ivy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Singh, Jasvinder A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skirbekk, Vegard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sliwa, Karen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soshnikov, Sergey S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sposato, Luciano A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stathopoulou, Vasiliki Kalliopi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tabb, Karen M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Talongwa, Roberto Tchio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teixeira, Carolina Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomson, Alan J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toyoshima, Hideaki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uwaliraye, Parfait</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uzun, Selen Begüm</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vasankari, Tommi J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vollset, Stein Emil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waller, Stephen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wan, Xia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weichenthal, Scott</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weiderpass, Elisabete</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weintraub, Robert G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Westerman, Ronny</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wilkinson, James D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, Hywel C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yang, Yang C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yentur, Gokalp Kadri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yip, Paul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yonemoto, Naohiro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Younis, Mustafa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu, Chuanhua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jin, Kim Yun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhu, Shankuan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vos, Theo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopez, Alan D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murray, Christopher J L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global, regional, and national levels of neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lancet</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lancet</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child Mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant Mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizational Objectives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Socioeconomic Factors</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014 Sep 13</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">384</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">957-79</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;Remarkable financial and political efforts have been focused on the reduction of child mortality during the past few decades. Timely measurements of levels and trends in under-5 mortality are important to assess progress towards the Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4) target of reduction of child mortality by two thirds from 1990 to 2015, and to identify models of success.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;We generated updated estimates of child mortality in early neonatal (age 0-6 days), late neonatal (7-28 days), postneonatal (29-364 days), childhood (1-4 years), and under-5 (0-4 years) age groups for 188 countries from 1970 to 2013, with more than 29,000 survey, census, vital registration, and sample registration datapoints. We used Gaussian process regression with adjustments for bias and non-sampling error to synthesise the data for under-5 mortality for each country, and a separate model to estimate mortality for more detailed age groups. We used explanatory mixed effects regression models to assess the association between under-5 mortality and income per person, maternal education, HIV child death rates, secular shifts, and other factors. To quantify the contribution of these different factors and birth numbers to the change in numbers of deaths in under-5 age groups from 1990 to 2013, we used Shapley decomposition. We used estimated rates of change between 2000 and 2013 to construct under-5 mortality rate scenarios out to 2030.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;FINDINGS: &lt;/b&gt;We estimated that 6·3 million (95% UI 6·0-6·6) children under-5 died in 2013, a 64% reduction from 17·6 million (17·1-18·1) in 1970. In 2013, child mortality rates ranged from 152·5 per 1000 livebirths (130·6-177·4) in Guinea-Bissau to 2·3 (1·8-2·9) per 1000 in Singapore. The annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2013 ranged from -6·8% to 0·1%. 99 of 188 countries, including 43 of 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, had faster decreases in child mortality during 2000-13 than during 1990-2000. In 2013, neonatal deaths accounted for 41·6% of under-5 deaths compared with 37·4% in 1990. Compared with 1990, in 2013, rising numbers of births, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, led to 1·4 million more child deaths, and rising income per person and maternal education led to 0·9 million and 2·2 million fewer deaths, respectively. Changes in secular trends led to 4·2 million fewer deaths. Unexplained factors accounted for only -1% of the change in child deaths. In 30 developing countries, decreases since 2000 have been faster than predicted attributable to income, education, and secular shift alone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;INTERPRETATION: &lt;/b&gt;Only 27 developing countries are expected to achieve MDG 4. Decreases since 2000 in under-5 mortality rates are accelerating in many developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The Millennium Declaration and increased development assistance for health might have been a factor in faster decreases in some developing countries. Without further accelerated progress, many countries in west and central Africa will still have high levels of under-5 mortality in 2030.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;FUNDING: &lt;/b&gt;Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation, US Agency for International Development.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9947</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24797572?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buchini, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scarsini, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buzzetti, Roberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronfani, Luca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decorti, Cinzia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Management of central venous catheters in pediatric onco-hematology using 0.9% sodium chloride and positive-pressure-valve needleless connector.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eur J Oncol Nurs</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eur J Oncol Nurs</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catheter Obstruction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catheterization, Central Venous</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Central Venous Catheters</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohort Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Equipment Design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hematology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oncology Nursing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pediatric Nursing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Practice Guidelines as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retrospective Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sodium Chloride</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014 Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">393-6</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;PURPOSE: &lt;/b&gt;To describe, in a sample of pediatric onco-hematological patients, the rate of occlusions in unused central venous catheters (CVC) flushed once a week with a 0.9% sodium chloride solution through a positive-pressure-valve needleless connector.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHOD: &lt;/b&gt;Retrospective cohort study. Subjects aged 0-17 years were identified through a manual search in medical and nursing records and were observed for two years or until the occurrence of one of the following events: start or resume of continuous infusion; CVC removal; death. The primary study outcome was the frequency of CVC occlusion (partial or complete).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Fifty-one patients were identified (median age 6 years). The median duration of follow-up was 169 days (IQR 111-305). During the follow up period, 14 patients (27%) had one CVC occlusion, in 2 cases (4%) the occlusion was complete, in 12 (23%) partial. All the occlusions were solved without the need for catheter removal. The lumen diameter ≤ 4.2 vs &gt; 4.2 French showed a statistically significant association with occlusion at multivariate analysis (OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.1-14.7).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;Our findings are reassuring with respect to the management of the CVC using the adopted protocol. The study provides useful information for patient care, by verifying the performance of the adopted CVC management protocol and by identifying critical areas for nursing care.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24735747?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roia, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paviotti, Elena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferluga, Valentina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monasta, Lorenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronfani, Luca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamburlini, Giorgio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Promoting effective child development practices in the first year of life: does timing make a difference?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Pediatr</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Pediatr</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">222</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;There is an increasing need for parenting programs aimed at promoting parent-child interaction. A variety of interventions have been proposed. The use of audiovisual materials for parents has been shown to be effective but limited information is available on the optimal timing for its use, particularly for new parents during the first year of life of their children. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of a video administered at two different times to first-time parents in modifying parental knowledge, attitudes and intentions with regards to effective care practices.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;Open randomized controlled trial carried out in a referral mother and child hospital. Eligible parents were randomly assigned to receive a video at one month (early intervention) or at seven months (late intervention) of age of their child. The video addressed four specific activities related to early child development: reading aloud to the baby, early exposure to music, promotion of early socialization for parents and for children. The primary outcome was the proportion of parents who declared that their knowledge, attitudes and intentions changed after having seen the video at one or seven months of age of the child.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;One hundred and five families were randomly allocated either to the early (53) or to the late (52) intervention group. For 99 families (52 in the early and 47 in the late group) a complete outcome evaluation was available. Parents included in the early administration group more frequently reported modifications in their knowledge of the suggested practices while parents in the late group more frequently reported a change in their attitudes. This finding was consistent across all four practices. The video was found to influence parental intentions in the great majority of interviewed parents with no significant difference between groups (82.7% and 87.2% in the early and late intervention group, respectively).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;Audiovisual materials can be an effective complementary tool in programs aimed at supporting parents, particularly those dealing with their first baby. The results provide some useful insights into the differential benefits of using audiovisual aids at different times during the first year of life of the baby.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;TRIAL REGISTRATION: &lt;/b&gt;ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02120430.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25193490?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flaugnacco, Elena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lopez, Luisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terribili, Chiara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zoia, Stefania</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buda, Sonia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tilli, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monasta, Lorenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sila, Alessandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronfani, Luca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schön, Daniele</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rhythm perception and production predict reading abilities in developmental dyslexia.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Front Hum Neurosci</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Front Hum Neurosci</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">392</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Rhythm organizes events in time and plays a major role in music, but also in the phonology and prosody of a language. Interestingly, children with developmental dyslexia-a learning disability that affects reading acquisition despite normal intelligence and adequate education-have a poor rhythmic perception. It has been suggested that an accurate perception of rhythmical/metrical structure, that requires accurate perception of rise time, may be critical for phonological development and subsequent literacy. This hypothesis is mostly based on results showing a high degree of correlation between phonological awareness and metrical skills, using a very specific metrical task. We present new findings from the analysis of a sample of 48 children with a diagnosis of dyslexia, without comorbidities. These children were assessed with neuropsychological tests, as well as specifically-devised psychoacoustic and musical tasks mostly testing temporal abilities. Associations were tested by multivariate analyses including data mining strategies, correlations and most importantly logistic regressions to understand to what extent the different auditory and musical skills can be a robust predictor of reading and phonological skills. Results show a strong link between several temporal skills and phonological and reading abilities. These findings are discussed in the framework of the neuroscience literature comparing music and language processing, with a particular interest in the links between rhythm processing in music and language.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24926248?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alberico, Salvatore</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barresi, Valentina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monasta, Lorenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Businelli, Caterina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soini, Valentina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erenbourg, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronfani, Luca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maso, Gianpaolo</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multicentre Study Group on Mode of Delivery in Friuli Venezia Giulia</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The role of gestational diabetes, pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on the risk of newborn macrosomia: results from a prospective multicentre study.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Pregnancy Childbirth</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Pregnancy Childbirth</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birth Weight</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body Height</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body Mass Index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diabetes, Gestational</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fetal Macrosomia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gestational Age</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Obesity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pregnancy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pregnancy in Diabetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prospective Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Weight Gain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;It is crucial to identify in large population samples the most important determinants of excessive fetal growth. The aim of the study was to evaluate the independent role of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain and gestational diabetes on the risk of macrosomia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;A prospective study collected data on mode of delivery and maternal/neonatal outcomes in eleven Hospitals in Italy. Multiple pregnancies and preterm deliveries were excluded. The sample included 14109 women with complete records. Associations between exposure variables and newborn macrosomia were analyzed using Pearson's chi squared test. Multiple logistic regression models were built to assess the independent association between potential predictors and macrosomia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Maternal obesity (adjusted OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2.2), excessive gestational weight gain (adjusted OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6-2.2) and diabetes (adjusted OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5-3.0 for gestational; adjusted OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.2-7.6 for pre-gestational) resulted to be independent predictors of macrosomia, when adjusted for other recognized risk factors. Since no significant interaction was found between pre-gestational BMI and gestational weight gain, excessive weight gain should be considered an independent risk factor for macrosomia. In the sub-group of women affected by gestational or pre-gestational diabetes, pre-gestational BMI was not significantly associated to macrosomia, while excessive pregnancy weight gain, maternal height and gestational age at delivery were significantly associated. In this sub-population, pregnancy weight gain less than recommended was not significantly associated to a reduction in macrosomia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;Our findings indicate that maternal obesity, gestational weight gain excess and diabetes should be considered as independent risk factors for newborn macrosomia. To adequately evaluate the clinical evolution of pregnancy all three variables need to be carefully assessed and monitored.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24428895?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Travan, Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lega, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crovella, Sergio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Panontin, Elisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Demarini, Sergio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and UGT1A1 promoter polymorphism.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Pediatr</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Pediatr.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Case-Control Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genotype</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gilbert Disease</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glucuronosyltransferase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymerase Chain Reaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymorphism, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevalence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Promoter Regions, Genetic</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014 Jul</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">165</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42-5</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;OBJECTIVE: &lt;/b&gt;To assess whether UGT1A1 promoter polymorphisms associated with Gilbert Syndrome (GS) occur with a greater frequency in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;STUDY DESIGN: &lt;/b&gt;In a case-control study performed at a single hospital center in Italy, 70 case subjects with severe hyperbilirubinemia (defined as bilirubin level ≥20 mg/dL or 340 μmol/L) and 70 controls (bilirubin level &lt;12 mg/dL or 210 μmol/L) were enrolled. Both case and control subjects were full term newborns. Polymerase chain reaction analysis on blood spot was performed to determine the frequency of UGTA1A1 promoter polymorphisms in cases and controls.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;No statistical difference in the prevalence of UGTA1A1 gene variants was found between cases and controls (P = 1). Thirteen infants homozygous for (TA)7 polymorphism associated with GS were in the case group (18.6%) and 14 in the control group (20.0%). A heterozygous group was also equally distributed between cases (44.3%) and controls (42.9%). No (TA)8 repeat was found in the 2 groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;In our study population, GS polymorphism alone does not appear to play a major role in severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in neonates without signs of hemolysis.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24726540?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monasta, Lorenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronfani, Luca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marchetti, Federico</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vecchi Brumatti, Liza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bavcar, Alessandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasso, Domenico</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbiero, Chiara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamburlini, Giorgio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burden of disease caused by otitis media: systematic review and global estimates.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS One</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS ONE</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cost of Illness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hearing Loss</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Internationality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Otitis Media</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e36226</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;Otitis media (OM) is a leading cause of health care visits and drugs prescription. Its complications and sequelae are important causes of preventable hearing loss, particularly in developing countries. Within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, for the year 2005 we estimated the incidence of acute OM, chronic suppurative OM, and related hearing loss and mortality for all ages and the 21 WHO regional areas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;We identified risk factors, complications and sequelae of OM. We carried out an extensive literature review (Medline, Embase, Lilacs and Wholis) which lead to the selection of 114 papers comprising relevant data. Data were available from 15 of the 21 WHO regions. To estimate incidence and prevalence for all countries we adopted a two stage approach based on risk factors formulas and regression modelling.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Acute OM incidence rate is 10.85% i.e. 709 million cases each year with 51% of these occurring in under-fives. Chronic suppurative OM incidence rate is 4.76 ‰ i.e. 31 million cases, with 22.6% of cases occurring annually in under-fives. OM-related hearing impairment has a prevalence of 30.82 per ten-thousand. Each year 21 thousand people die due to complications of OM.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;Our study is the first attempt to systematically review the available information and provide global estimates for OM and related conditions. The overall burden deriving from AOM, CSOM and their sequelae is considerable, particularly in the first five years of life and in the poorest countries. The findings call for incorporating OM-focused action within preventive and case management strategies, with emphasis on the more affected.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22558393?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maso, Gianpaolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Businelli, Caterina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piccoli, Monica</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Seta, Francesco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sartore, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alberico, Salvatore</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The clinical interpretation and significance of electronic fetal heart rate patterns 2 h before delivery: an institutional observational study.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arch Gynecol Obstet</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arch. Gynecol. Obstet.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acidosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bradycardia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fetal Blood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fetal Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heart Rate, Fetal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Labor, Obstetric</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Predictive Value of Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pregnancy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pregnancy Outcome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retrospective Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Single-Blind Method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistics, Nonparametric</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time Factors</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012 Nov</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">286</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1153-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;PURPOSE: &lt;/b&gt;To evaluate the clinical significance of intrapartum fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring in low-risk pregnancies according to guidelines and specific patterns.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;An obstetrician, blinded to neonatal outcome, retrospectively reviewed 198 low-risk cases that underwent continuous electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) during the last 2 h before delivery. The tracings were interpreted as normal, suspicious or pathological, according to specific guidelines of EFM and by grouping the different FHR patterns considering baseline, variability, presence of decelerations and bradycardia. The EFM groups and the different FHR-subgroups were associated with neonatal acid base status at birth, as well as the short-term neonatal composite outcome. Comparisons between groups were performed with Kruskal-Wallis test. Differences among categorical variables were evaluated using Fisher's exact test. Significance was set at p &lt; 0.05 level.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Significant differences were found for mean pH values in the three EFM groups, with a significant trend from &quot;normal&quot; [pH 7.25, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 7.28-7.32] to &quot;pathological&quot; tracings (pH 7.20, 95 % CI 7.17-7.13). Also the rates of adverse composite neonatal outcome were statistically different between the two groups (p &lt; 0.005). Among the different FHR patterns, tracings with atypical variable decelerations and severe bradycardia were more frequently associated with adverse neonatal composite outcome (11.1 and 26.7 %, respectively). However, statistically significant differences were only observed between the subgroups with normal tracings and bradycardia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;In low-risk pregnancies, there is a significant association between neonatal outcome and EFM classification. However, within abnormal tracings, neonatal outcome might differ according to specific FHR pattern.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22791414?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zorzi, Marco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbiero, Chiara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facoetti, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lonciari, Isabella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrozzi, Marco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bravar, Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, Florence</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pech-Georgel, Catherine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ziegler, Johannes C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extra-large letter spacing improves reading in dyslexia.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attention</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Awareness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dyslexia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Form Perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">France</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Language</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pattern Recognition, Visual</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phonetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reading</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vision, Ocular</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visual Fields</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012 Jul 10</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11455-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Although the causes of dyslexia are still debated, all researchers agree that the main challenge is to find ways that allow a child with dyslexia to read more words in less time, because reading more is undisputedly the most efficient intervention for dyslexia. Sophisticated training programs exist, but they typically target the component skills of reading, such as phonological awareness. After the component skills have improved, the main challenge remains (that is, reading deficits must be treated by reading more--a vicious circle for a dyslexic child). Here, we show that a simple manipulation of letter spacing substantially improved text reading performance on the fly (without any training) in a large, unselected sample of Italian and French dyslexic children. Extra-large letter spacing helps reading, because dyslexics are abnormally affected by crowding, a perceptual phenomenon with detrimental effects on letter recognition that is modulated by the spacing between letters. Extra-large letter spacing may help to break the vicious circle by rendering the reading material more easily accessible.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22665803?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbiero, Chiara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lonciari, Isabella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monasta, Lorenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penge, Roberta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vio, Claudio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tressoldi, Patrizio Emanuele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferluga, Valentina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bigoni, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tullio, Alessia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carrozzi, Marco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronfani, Luca</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CENDi (National Committee on the Epidemiology of Dyslexia) working group</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epidemiology of Dyslexia of Friuli Venezia Giulia working group (FVGwg)</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The submerged dyslexia iceberg: how many school children are not diagnosed? Results from an Italian study.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS One</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS ONE</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Area Under Curve</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-Sectional Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delayed Diagnosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dyslexia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuropsychological Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevalence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questionnaires</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ROC Curve</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e48082</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;Although dyslexia is one of the most common neurobehavioral disorders affecting children, prevalence is uncertain and available data are scanty and dated. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of dyslexia in an unselected school population using clearly defined and rigorous diagnostic criteria and methods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;Cross sectional study. We selected a random cluster sample of 94 fourth grade elementary school classes of Friuli Venezia Giulia, a Region of North Eastern Italy. We carried out three consecutive levels of screening: the first two at school and the last at the Neuropsychiatry Unit of a third level Mother and Child Hospital. The main outcome measure was the prevalence of dyslexia, defined as the number of children positive to the third level of screening divided by the total number of children enrolled.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;We recruited 1774 children aged 8-10 years, of which 1528 received parents' consent to participate. After applying exclusion criteria, 1357 pupils constituted the final working sample. The prevalence of dyslexia in the enrolled population ranged from 3.1% (95% CI 2.2-4.1%) to 3.2% (95% CI 2.4-4.3%) depending on different criteria adopted. In two out of three children with dyslexia the disorder had not been previously diagnosed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;This study shows that dyslexia is largely underestimated in Italy and underlines the need for reliable information on prevalence, in order to better allocate resources both to Health Services and Schools.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23118930?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carletti, Claudia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pani, Paola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knowles, Alessandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monasta, Lorenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cattaneo, Adriano</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Breastfeeding to 24 months of age in the northeast of Italy: a cohort study.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Breastfeed Med</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Breastfeed Med</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Age Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birth Weight</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Breast Feeding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohort Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Family Characteristics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gestational Age</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guideline Adherence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Promotion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neonatal Screening</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevalence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Socioeconomic Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time Factors</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011 Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">177-82</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;AIM: &lt;/b&gt;This study assessed the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding up to 24 months and the associated socioeconomic determinants in a birth cohort of children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;Four hundred infants born in a hospital in the north east of Italy were enrolled at birth and followed up for 36 months. Data on infant feeding were gathered through a feeding diary compiled at fixed intervals. Data were also gathered on type of delivery and weight, length, and health status at birth, as well as on selected socioeconomic indicators of the mothers. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine any association that exclusivity and duration of breastfeeding may have with selected socioeconomic variables and with health conditions of the infants at birth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Ninety-eight percent of mothers initiated breastfeeding, 69% of them exclusively. This rate, however, had declined to 6% by 6 months. There was a remarkable endurance of breastfeeding at 24 months (12%). The variables significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months and any form of breastfeeding at 12 months are mother's age (p=0.007 at 3 months, p=0.026 at 12 months) and postdischarge hospital admission (p=0.029 at 3 months).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;In this population, breastfeeding rates are higher than previously reported, but lower than recommended, especially as far as exclusivity is concerned. Full implementation of the World Health Organization-UNICEF Baby Friendly Initiatives in hospitals and communities is needed to improve them further. Monitoring systems should include the collection of data on breastfeeding beyond 12 months of age.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21770733?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zauli, Giorgio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monasta, Lorenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rimondi, Erika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vecchi Brumatti, Liza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radillo, Oriano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronfani, Luca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montico, Marcella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D'Ottavio, Giuseppina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alberico, Salvatore</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Secchiero, Paola</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Circulating TRAIL shows a significant post-partum decline associated to stressful conditions.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS One</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS ONE</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Markers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C-Reactive Protein</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fetal Blood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fetal Distress</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Labor, Obstetric</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Logistic Models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multivariate Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Postpartum Period</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pregnancy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pregnancy Outcome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistics, Nonparametric</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stress, Physiological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e27011</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;Since circulating levels of TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) may be important in the physiopathology of pregnancy, we tested the hypothesis that TRAIL levels change at delivery in response to stressful conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: &lt;/b&gt;We conducted a longitudinal study in a cohort of 73 women examined at week 12, week 16, delivery and in the corresponding cord blood (CB). Serum TRAIL was assessed in relationship with maternal characteristics and to biochemical parameters. TRAIL did not vary between 12 (67.6±27.6 pg/ml, means±SD) and 16 (64.0±16.2 pg/ml) weeks' gestation, while displaying a significant decline after partum (49.3±26.4 pg/ml). Using a cut-off decline &gt;20 pg/ml between week 12 and delivery, the subset of women with the higher decline of circulating TRAIL (41.7%) showed the following characteristics: i) nullipara, ii) higher age, iii) operational vaginal delivery or urgent CS, iv) did not receive analgesia during labor, v) induced labor. CB TRAIL was significantly higher (131.6±52 pg/ml) with respect to the corresponding maternal TRAIL, and the variables significantly associated with the first quartile of CB TRAIL (&lt;90 pg/ml) were higher pre-pregnancy BMI, induction of labor and fetal distress. With respect to the biochemical parameters, maternal TRAIL at delivery showed an inverse correlation with C-reactive protein (CRP), total cortisol, glycemia and insulin at bivariate analysis, but only with CRP at multivariate analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;Stressful partum conditions and elevated CRP levels are associated with a decrease of circulating TRAIL.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22194780?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>