<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naviglio, Samuele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lacorte, Doriana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lucafò, Marianna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cifù, Adriana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Favretto, Diego</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuzzoni, Eva</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvestri, Tania</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pozzi Mucelli, Martina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radillo, Oriano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decorti, Giuliana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fabris, Martina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bramuzzo, Matteo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taddio, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stocco, Gabriele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alvisi, Patrizia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ventura, Alessandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martelossi, Stefano</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Causes of Treatment Failure in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated With Infliximab: A Pharmacokinetic Study.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019 Jan</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">68</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37-44</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;OBJECTIVES: &lt;/b&gt;Anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies have led to a revolution in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD); however, a sizable proportion of patients does not respond to therapy. There is increasing evidence suggesting that treatment failure may be classified as mechanistic (pharmacodynamic), pharmacokinetic, or immune-mediated. Data regarding the contribution of these factors in children with IBD treated with infliximab (IFX) are still incomplete. The aim was to assess the causes of treatment failure in a prospective cohort of pediatric patients treated with IFX.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;This observational study considered 49 pediatric (median age 14.4) IBD patients (34 Crohn disease, 15 ulcerative colitis) treated with IFX. Serum samples were collected at 6, 14, 22 and 54 weeks, before IFX infusions. IFX and anti-infliximab antibodies (AIA) were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Disease activity was determined by Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index or Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Clinical remission, defined as a clinical score &lt;10, was obtained by 76.3% of patients at week 14 and by 73.9% at week 54. Median trough IFX concentration was higher at all time points in patients achieving sustained clinical remission. IFX levels during maintenance correlated also with C-reactive protein, albumin, and fecal calprotectin. After multivariate analysis, IFX concentration at week 14 &gt;3.11 μg/mL emerged as the strongest predictor of sustained clinical remission. AIA concentrations were correlated inversely with IFX concentrations and directly with adverse reactions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;Most cases of therapeutic failure were associated with low serum drug levels. IFX trough levels at the end of induction are associated with sustained long-term response.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30211845?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benelli, Elisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naviglio, Samuele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Leo, Luigina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stera, Giacomo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giangreco, Manuela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronfani, Luca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villanacci, Vincenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martelossi, Stefano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ventura, Alessandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Not, Tarcisio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changing Epidemiology of Liver Involvement in Children With Celiac Disease.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019 Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">68</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">547-551</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;OBJECTIVES: &lt;/b&gt;Available data indicate that liver involvement is present in a significant proportion of children with celiac disease (CD) at the diagnosis (elevated transaminases 15%-57%, autoimmune liver disease 1%-2%). We sought to evaluate prevalence, clinical course, and risk factors for liver involvement in a large cohort of children with CD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;Children (age 0-18 years) diagnosed with CD from March 2010 to April 2016 were enrolled. Liver involvement was considered to be present when alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were &gt;40 U/L (hypertransaminasemia [HTS]). Patients with HTS were re-evaluated after at least 12 months of a gluten-free diet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;CD was diagnosed in 806 patients during the study period; of these, ALT levels were available for 700 patients (86.9%), and were elevated in 27 (3.9%, HTS group); median ALT and aspartate transaminase levels in the HTS group were 57 U/L (interquartile range 49-80 U/L) and 67 U/L (interquartile range 53-85 U/L), respectively. Younger age, malabsorption symptoms, and low hemoglobin or ferritin were significantly more common in the HTS group at univariate analysis. At multivariate analysis, only age ≤4.27 years correlated with risk of liver involvement (odds ratio 3.73; 95% confidence interval: 1.61-8.66). When retested on a gluten-free diet, all but 3 patients normalized ALT levels; of these, 1 was diagnosed with sclerosing cholangitis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;Liver involvement in celiac children is now less frequent than previously reported, possibly due to changing CD epidemiology. Younger age is the only risk factor. Associated autoimmune liver disease is rare.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30499881?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>