<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farchi, Sara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forastiere, Francesco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vecchi Brumatti, Liza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alviti, Sabrina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arnofi, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bernardini, Tommaso</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bin, Maura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brescianini, Sonia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colelli, Valentina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cotichini, Rodolfo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Culasso, Martina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Bartolo, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Felice, Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fiano, Valentina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fioritto, Alessandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frizzi, Alfio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gagliardi, Luigi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giorgi, Giulia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grasso, Chiara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">La Rosa, Francesca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loganes, Claudia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lorusso, Paola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martini, Valentina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merletti, Franco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medda, Emanuela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montelatici, Veronica</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mugelli, Isabella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Narduzzi, Silvia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nisticò, Lorenza</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penna, Luana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piscianz, Elisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piscicelli, Carlo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poggesi, Giulia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porta, Daniela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ranieli, Antonella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapisardi, Gherardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasulo, Assunta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Richiardi, Lorenzo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rusconi, Franca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serino, Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stazi, Maria Antonietta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toccaceli, Virgilia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todros, Tullia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tognin, Veronica</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trevisan, Morena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valencic, Erica</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volpi, Patrizia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ziroli, Valentina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronfani, Luca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Di Lallo, Domenico</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piccolipiù, a multicenter birth cohort in Italy: protocol of the study.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Pediatr</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Pediatr</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child Development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child Welfare</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohort Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Exposure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prospective Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Socioeconomic Factors</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;The fetal and infant life are periods of rapid development, characterized by high susceptibility to exposures. Birth cohorts provide unique opportunities to study early-life exposures in association with child development and health, as well as, with longer follow-up, the early life origin of adult diseases. Piccolipiù is an Italian birth cohort recently set up to investigate the effects of environmental exposures, parental conditions and social factors acting during pre-natal and early post-natal life on infant and child health and development. We describe here its main characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS/DESIGN: &lt;/b&gt;Piccolipiù is a prospective cohort of expected 3000 newborns, who will be recruiting in six maternity units of five Italian cities (Florence, Rome, Trieste, Turin and Viareggio) since October 2011. Mothers are contacted during pregnancy or at delivery and are offered to participate in the study. Upon acceptance, their newborns are recruited at birth and followed up until at least 18 years of age. At recruitment, the mothers donate a blood sample and complete a baseline questionnaire. Umbilical cord blood, pieces of umbilical cord and heel blood spots are also collected. Postnatal follow-up currently occurs at 6, 12, and 24 months of age using on-line or postal self administered questionnaire; further questionnaires and medical examinations are envisaged. Questionnaires collect information on several factors, including mother's and/or child's environmental exposures, anthropometric measures, reproductive factors, diet, supplements, medical history, cognitive development, mental health and socioeconomic factors. Health promotion materials are also offered to parents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;DISCUSSION: &lt;/b&gt;Piccolipiù will broaden our understanding of the contribution of early-life factors to infant and child health and development. Several hypotheses on the developmental origins of health can be tested or piloted using the data collected from the Piccolipiù cohort. By pooling these data with those collected by other existing birth cohorts it will be possible to validate previous findings and to study rare exposures and outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24506846?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Auriti, Cinzia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronchetti, Maria Paola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pezzotti, Patrizio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marrocco, Gabriella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quondamcarlo, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seganti, Giulio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bagnoli, Francesco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Felice, Claudio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buonocore, Giuseppe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arioni, Cesare</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serra, Giovanni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacolla, Gianfranco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corso, Giovanna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mastropasqua, Savino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mari, Annibale</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corchia, Carlo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Di Lallo, Domenico</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ravà, Lucilla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orzalesi, Marcello</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Di Ciommo, Vincenzo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Determinants of nosocomial infection in 6 neonatal intensive care units: an Italian multicenter prospective cohort study.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacteremia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birth Weight</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross Infection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gestational Age</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hospitals, University</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incidence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Very Low Birth Weight</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intensive Care Units, Neonatal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Italy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Length of Stay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proportional Hazards Models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prospective Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sepsis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time Factors</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 Sep</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">926-33</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;Nosocomial infections are still a major cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;OBJECTIVE: &lt;/b&gt;To describe the epidemiology of nosocomial infections in NICUs and to assess the risk of nosocomial infection related to the therapeutic procedures performed and to the clinical characteristics of the neonates at birth and at admission to the NICU, taking into account the time between the exposure and the onset of infection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;DESIGN: &lt;/b&gt;A multicenter, prospective cohort study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;PATIENTS AND SETTING: &lt;/b&gt;A total of 1,692 neonates admitted to 6 NICUs in Italy were observed and monitored for the development of nosocomial infection during their hospital stay.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;Data were collected on the clinical characteristics of the neonates admitted to the NICUs, their therapeutic interventions and treatments, their infections, and their mortality rate. The cumulative probability of having at least 1 infection and the cumulative probability of having at least 1 infection or dying were estimated. The hazard ratio (HR) for the first infection and the HR for the first infection or death were also estimated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;A total of 255 episodes of nosocomial infection were diagnosed in 217 neonates, yielding an incidence density of 6.9 episodes per 1,000 patient-days. The risk factors related to nosocomial infection in very-low-birth-weight neonates were receipt of continuous positive airway pressure (HR, 3.8 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.7-8.1]), a Clinical Risk Index for Babies score of 4 or greater (HR, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.4-3.4]), and a gestational age of less than 28 weeks (HR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.2-3.8]). Among heavier neonates, the risk factors for nosocomial infection were receipt of parenteral nutrition (HR, 8.1 [95% CI, 3.2-20.5]) and presence of malformations (HR, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.5-3.5]).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;Patterns of risk factors for nosocomial infection differ between very-low-birth-weight neonates and heavier neonates. Therapeutic procedures appear to be strong determinants of nosocomial infection in both groups of neonates, after controlling for clinical characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20645863?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>