<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monasta, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Batty, G D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macaluso, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronfani, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lutje, V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bavcar, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Lenthe, F J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brug, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cattaneo, A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interventions for the prevention of overweight and obesity in preschool children: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Obes Rev</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Obes Rev</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child Nutrition Sciences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exercise</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Promotion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life Style</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Obesity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Overweight</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011 May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e107-18</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The objective of this study was to analyse interventions for the prevention of overweight and obesity in children under 5 years of age. We carried out a systematic review focusing exclusively on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data sources include Medline, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINHAL, PsychInfo and Web of Science. Data were extracted from seventeen articles describing seven RCTs identified through electronic search, screening of references in systematic reviews, own files and contact with authors. RCTs were assessed with the Jadad scale. Four trials were carried out in preschool settings, one with an exclusive educational component, two with an exclusive physical activity component and one with both. Two trials were family-based, with education and counselling for parents and children. The remaining trial was carried out in maternity hospitals, with a training intervention on breastfeeding. None of the interventions had an effect in preventing overweight and obesity. The failure to show an effect may be due to the choice of outcomes, the quality of the RCTs, the suboptimal implementation of the interventions, the lack of focus on social and environmental determinants. More rigorous research is needed on interventions and on social and environmental factors that could impact on lifestyle.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576004?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nyqvist, K H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anderson, G C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergman, N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cattaneo, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charpak, N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davanzo, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ewald, U</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ludington-Hoe, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mendoza, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallás-Allonso, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peláez, J G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sizun, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wiström, A M</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Expert Group of the International Network on Kangaroo Mother Care</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State of the art and recommendations. Kangaroo mother care: application in a high-tech environment.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Breastfeed Rev</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Breastfeed Rev</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 Nov</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21-8</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;UNLABELLED: &lt;/b&gt;Since Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) was developed in Colombia in the 1970s, two trends in clinical application emerged. In low-income settings, the original KMC modelis implemented. This consists of continuous (24 h/day; 7 days/week) and prolonged mother/parent-infant skin-to-skin contact; early discharge with the infant in the kangaroo position; (ideally) exclusive breastfeeding and, adequate follow up. In affluent settings, intermittent KMC with sessions of one or a few hours skin-to-skin contact for a limited period is common. As a result of the increasing evidence of the benefits of KMC for both infants and families in all intensive care settings, KMC in a high-tech environment was chosen as the topic for the first European Conference on KMC, and the clinical implementation of the KMC modelin all types of settings was discussed at the 7th International Workshop on KMC Kangaroo Mother Care protocols in high-tech Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) should specify criteria for initiation, kangaroo position, transfer to/from KMC, transport in kangaroo position, kangaroo nutrition, parents'role, modification of the NICU environment, performance of care in KMC, and KMCin case of infant instability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/b&gt;Implementation of the original KMC method, with continuous skin-to-skin contact whenever possible, is recommended for application in high-tech environments, although scientific evaluation should continue.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21226419?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nyqvist, K H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anderson, G C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergman, N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cattaneo, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charpak, N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davanzo, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ewald, U</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ludington-Hoe, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mendoza, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallás-Allonso, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peláez, J G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sizun, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Widström, A-M</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Expert Group of the International Network on Kangaroo Mother Care</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State of the art and recommendations. Kangaroo mother care: application in a high-tech environment.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Paediatr</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Paediatr.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitude of Health Personnel</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant Care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intensive Care Units, Neonatal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parent-Child Relations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Practice Guidelines as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Professional-Patient Relations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Role</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visitors to Patients</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">812-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;UNLABELLED: &lt;/b&gt;Since Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) was developed in Colombia in the 1970s, two trends in clinical application emerged. In low income settings, the original KMC model is implemented. This consists of continuous (24 h/day, 7 days/week) and prolonged mother/parent-infant skin-to-skin contact; early discharge with the infant in the kangaroo position; (ideally) exclusive breastfeeding; and, adequate follow-up. In affluent settings, intermittent KMC with sessions of one or a few hours skin-to-skin contact for a limited period is common. As a result of the increasing evidence of the benefits of KMC for both infants and families in all intensive care settings, KMC in a high-tech environment was chosen as the topic for the first European Conference on KMC, and the clinical implementation of the KMC model in all types of settings was discussed at the 7th International Workshop on KMC. Kangaroo Mother Care protocols in high-tech Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) should specify criteria for initiation, kangaroo position, transfer to/from KMC, transport in kangaroo position, kangaroo nutrition, parents' role, modification of the NICU environment, performance of care in KMC, and KMC in case of infant instability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/b&gt;Implementation of the original KMC method, with continuous skin-to-skin contact whenever possible, is recommended for application in high-tech environments, although scientific evaluation should continue.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20219028?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nyqvist, K H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anderson, G C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergman, N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cattaneo, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charpak, N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davanzo, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ewald, U</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ibe, O</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ludington-Hoe, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mendoza, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallás-Allonso, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruiz Peláez, J G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sizun, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Widström, A-M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Towards universal Kangaroo Mother Care: recommendations and report from the First European conference and Seventh International Workshop on Kangaroo Mother Care.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Paediatr</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Paediatr.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Congresses as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant Care</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parent-Child Relations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Practice Guidelines as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">820-6</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;UNLABELLED: &lt;/b&gt;The hallmark of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is the kangaroo position: the infant is cared for skin-to-skin vertically between the mother's breasts and below her clothes, 24 h/day, with father/substitute(s) participating as KMC providers. Intermittent KMC (for short periods once or a few times per day, for a variable number of days) is commonly employed in high-tech neonatal intensive care units. These two modalities should be regarded as a progressive adaptation of the mother-infant dyad, ideally towards continuous KMC, starting gradually and progressively with intermittent KMC. The other components in KMC are exclusive breastfeeding (ideally) and early discharge in kangaroo position with strict follow-up. Current evidence allows the following general statements about KMC in affluent and low-income settings: KMC enhances bonding and attachment; reduces maternal postpartum depression symptoms; enhances infant physiologic stability and reduces pain, increases parental sensitivity to infant cues; contributes to the establishment and longer duration of breastfeeding and has positive effects on infant development and infant/parent interaction. Therefore, intrapartum and postnatal care in all types of settings should adhere to a paradigm of nonseparation of infants and their mothers/families. Preterm/low-birth-weight infants should be regarded as extero-gestational foetuses needing skin-to-skin contact to promote maturation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/b&gt;Kangaroo Mother Care should begin as soon as possible after birth, be applied as continuous skin-to-skin contact to the extent that this is possible and appropriate and continue for as long as appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20219044?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>