<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naviglio, Samuele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lacorte, Doriana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lucafò, Marianna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cifù, Adriana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Favretto, Diego</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuzzoni, Eva</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvestri, Tania</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pozzi Mucelli, Martina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radillo, Oriano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decorti, Giuliana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fabris, Martina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bramuzzo, Matteo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taddio, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stocco, Gabriele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alvisi, Patrizia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ventura, Alessandro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martelossi, Stefano</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Causes of Treatment Failure in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated With Infliximab: A Pharmacokinetic Study.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019 Jan</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">68</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37-44</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;OBJECTIVES: &lt;/b&gt;Anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies have led to a revolution in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD); however, a sizable proportion of patients does not respond to therapy. There is increasing evidence suggesting that treatment failure may be classified as mechanistic (pharmacodynamic), pharmacokinetic, or immune-mediated. Data regarding the contribution of these factors in children with IBD treated with infliximab (IFX) are still incomplete. The aim was to assess the causes of treatment failure in a prospective cohort of pediatric patients treated with IFX.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;This observational study considered 49 pediatric (median age 14.4) IBD patients (34 Crohn disease, 15 ulcerative colitis) treated with IFX. Serum samples were collected at 6, 14, 22 and 54 weeks, before IFX infusions. IFX and anti-infliximab antibodies (AIA) were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Disease activity was determined by Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index or Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Clinical remission, defined as a clinical score &lt;10, was obtained by 76.3% of patients at week 14 and by 73.9% at week 54. Median trough IFX concentration was higher at all time points in patients achieving sustained clinical remission. IFX levels during maintenance correlated also with C-reactive protein, albumin, and fecal calprotectin. After multivariate analysis, IFX concentration at week 14 &gt;3.11 μg/mL emerged as the strongest predictor of sustained clinical remission. AIA concentrations were correlated inversely with IFX concentrations and directly with adverse reactions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;Most cases of therapeutic failure were associated with low serum drug levels. IFX trough levels at the end of induction are associated with sustained long-term response.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30211845?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aloi, Marina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bramuzzo, Matteo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arrigo, Serena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romano, Claudio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D'Arcangelo, Giulia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lacorte, Doriana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gatti, Simona</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Illiceto, Maria T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zucconi, Francesca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dilillo, Dario</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zuin, Giovanna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knafelz, Daniela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ravelli, Alberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cucchiara, Salvatore</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alvisi, Patrizia</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SIGENP IBD Working Group</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Efficacy and Safety of Adalimumab in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis: A Real-life Experience from the SIGENP-IBD Registry.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018 Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">920-925</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;OBJECTIVES: &lt;/b&gt;The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of adalimumab (ADA) in children with ulcerative colitis (UC) previously treated with infliximab (IFX).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;Retrospective study including children with UC from a national registry who received ADA therapy. The primary endpoint was the rate of corticosteroid-free remission at week 52. Secondary outcomes were the rate of sustained clinical remission, primary nonresponse, and loss of response at weeks 12, 30, and 52 and rate of mucosal healing and side effects at week 52.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;Thirty-two children received ADA (median age 10 ± 4 years). Median disease duration before ADA therapy was 27 months. All patients received previous IFX (43% intolerant, 50% nonresponders [37.5% primary, 42.5% secondary nonresponders], 6.7% positive anti-IFX antibodies). Fifty-two weeks after ADA initiation, 13 patients (41%) were in corticosteroid-free remission. Mucosal healing occurred in 9 patients (28%) at 52 weeks. The cumulative probability of a clinical relapse-free course was 69%, 59%, and 53% at 12, 30, and 52 weeks, respectively. Ten patients (31%) had a primary failure and 5 (15%) a loss of response to ADA. No significant differences in efficacy were reported between not-responders and intolerant to IFX (P = 1.0). Overall, 19 patient (59%) maintained ADA during 52-week follow-up. Seven patients (22%) experienced an adverse event, no serious side effects were observed and none resulted in ADA discontinuation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;Based on our data, ADA seems to be effective in children with UC, allowing to recover a significant percentage of patients intolerant or not-responding to IFX. The safety profile was good.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29315163?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aloi, Marina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DʼArcangelo, Giulia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bramuzzo, Matteo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gasparetto, Marco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martinelli, Massimo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alvisi, Patrizia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Illiceto, Maria Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valenti, Simona</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Distante, Manuela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pellegrino, Salvatore</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gatti, Simona</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arrigo, Serena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Civitelli, Fortunata</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martelossi, Stefano</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SIGENP IBD Working Group</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of Early Versus Late Azathioprine Therapy in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inflamm Bowel Dis</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inflamm. Bowel Dis.</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016 Jul</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1647-54</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;We aimed at describing the efficacy of azathioprine (AZA) in pediatric ulcerative colitis, comparing the outcomes of early (0-6 months) versus late (6-24 months) initiation of therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;Children with ulcerative colitis treated with AZA within 24 months of diagnosis were included. Corticosteroid (CS)-free remission and mucosal healing (MH), assessed by endoscopy or fecal calprotectin, at 12 months were the primary outcomes. Patients were also compared for CS-free remission and MH, need for treatment escalation or surgery, number of hospitalizations, and adverse events during a 24-month follow-up.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;A total of 121 children entered the study (median age 10.5 ± 4.0 years, 59% girls). Seventy-six (63%) started AZA between 0 and 6 months (early group) and 45 (37%) started between 6 and 24 months (late group). Seventy-five percent and 53% of patients in the early and late group, respectively, received CS at the diagnosis (P = 0.01). CS-free remission at 1 year was achieved by 30 (50%) of the early and 23 (57%) of the late patients (P = 0.54). MH occurred in 37 (37%) patients at 1 year, with no difference between the 2 groups (33% early, 42% late; P = 0.56). No difference was found for the other outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;Introduction of AZA within 6 months of diagnosis seems not more effective than later treatment to achieve CS-free remission in pediatric ulcerative colitis. MH does not depend on the timing of AZA initiation; however, because of the incomplete comparability of the 2 groups at the diagnosis and the use of fecal calprotectin as a surrogate marker of MH, our results should be further confirmed by prospective studies.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27271489?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>