<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neto, José Ribamar Costa Ferreira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">da Silva, Manassés Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pandolfi, Valesca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crovella, Sergio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benko-Iseppon, Ana Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kido, Éderson Akio</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epigenetic Signals on Plant Adaptation: A Biotic Stress Perspective.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curr Protein Pept Sci</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curr. Protein Pept. Sci.</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016 Jul 24</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENG</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;For sessile organisms such as plants, regulatory mechanisms of gene expression are vital, since they remain exposed to climatic and biological threats. Thus, they have to face hazards with instantaneous reorganization of their internal environment. For this purpose, besides the use of transcription factors, the participation of chromatin as an active factor in the regulation of transcription is crucial. Chemical changes in chromatin structure affect the accessibility of the transcriptional machinery and acting in signaling, engaging/inhibiting factors that participate in the transcription processes. Mechanisms in which gene expression undergoes changes without the occurrence of DNA gene mutations in the monomers that make up DNA, are understood as epigenetic phenomena. These include (1) post-translational modifications of histones, which results in stimulation or repression of gene activity and (2) cytosine methylation in the promoter region of individual genes, both preventing access of transcriptional activators as well as signaling the recruitment of repressors. There is evidence that such modifications can pass on to subsequent generations of daughter cells and even generations of individuals. However, reports indicate that they persist only in the presence of a stressor factor (or an inductor of the above-mentioned modifications). In its absence, these modifications weaken or lose heritability, being eliminated in the next few generations. In this review, it is argued how epigenetic signals influence gene regulation, the mechanisms involved and their participation in processes of resistance to biotic stresses, controlling processes of the plant immune system.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27455972?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pandolfi, Valesca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neto, José Ribamar Costa Ferreira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva, Manassés Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amorim, Lidiane Lindinalva Barbosa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wanderley-Nogueira, Ana Carolina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Oliveira Silva, Roberta Lane</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kido, Éderson Akio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crovella, Sergio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iseppon, Ana Maria Benko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resistance (R) Genes: Applications and Prospects for Plant Biotechnology and Breeding.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curr Protein Pept Sci</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curr. Protein Pept. Sci.</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016 Jul 24</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENG</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The discovery of novel plant resistance (R) genes (including their homologs and analogs) opened interesting possibilities for controlling plant diseases caused by several pathogens. However, due to environmental pressure and high selection operated by pathogens, several crop plants have lost specificity, broad-spectrum or durability of resistance. On the other hand, the advances in plant genome sequencing and biotechnological approaches, combined with the increasing knowledge on R-genes have provided new insights on their applications for plant genetic breeding, allowing the identification and implementation of novel and efficient strategies that enhance or optimize their use for efficiently controlling plant diseases. The present review focuses on main perspectives of application of R-genes and its co-players for the acquisition of resistance to pathogens in cultivated plants, with emphasis on biotechnological inferences, including transgenesis, cisgenesis, directed mutagenesis and gene editing, with examples of success and challenges to be faced.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27455971?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliveira-Lima, Marx</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benko-Iseppon, Ana Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neto, José Ribamar Costa Ferreira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez-Decuadro, Susana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kido, Éderson Akio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crovella, Sergio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pandolfi, Valesca</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snakin: Structure, Roles and Applications of a Plant Antimicrobial Peptide.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curr Protein Pept Sci</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curr. Protein Pept. Sci.</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016 Jun 19</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENG</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Snakins are plant antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of the Snakin/GASA family, formed by three distinct regions: an N-terminal signal peptide; a variable site; and the GASA domain in the C-terminal region composed by twelve conserved cysteine residues that contribute to the biochemical stability of the molecule. These peptides are known to play different roles in response to a variety of biotic (i.e. induced by bacteria, fungi and nematode pathogens) and abiotic (salinity, drought and ROS) stressors, as well as in crosstalk promoted by plant hormones, with emphasis on abscisic and salicylic acid (ABA and SA, respectively). Such properties make snakin/GASA members promising biotechnological sources for potential therapeutic and agricultural applications. However, information regarding their tertiary structure, mode of action and function are not yet completely elucidated. The present review presents aspects of snakin structure, expression, functional studies and perspectives about the potential applications for agricultural and medical purposes.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27323806?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>